【題目】閱讀材料，回答問(wèn)題。

材料一 訴諸武力的辦法是由英王選擇的，北美大陸已接受了這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。

材料二 我們以這些殖民地的善良人民的名義和權(quán)力，謹(jǐn)莊嚴(yán)宣告：這些聯(lián)合殖民地從此成為．而且名正言順地應(yīng)當(dāng)成為自由獨(dú)立的聯(lián)合國(guó)，它們解除對(duì)于英王的一切隸屬關(guān)系，而它們與大不列顛王國(guó)之間的一切政治聯(lián)系也應(yīng)從此完全廢止。

材料三 第一條 … … 在權(quán)利方面，人們生來(lái)而且始終是自由平等的。

第三條 整個(gè)主權(quán)的本原主要是寄托于國(guó)民… …。全國(guó)公民都有權(quán)親身或經(jīng)其代表去參預(yù)法律的制定，… …在法律面前，所有公民都是平等的。

請(qǐng)回答：

問(wèn)題一：材料一中“訴諸武力”是指什么歷史事件？其爆發(fā)的標(biāo)志是什么？

問(wèn)題二：材料二中這段話摘自何時(shí)頒布的什么文件？其頒布標(biāo)志著什么？

問(wèn)題三：材料三是法國(guó)大革命中發(fā)表的什么文獻(xiàn)？它反映了什么思想？

【答案】（1）美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；來(lái)克星頓的槍聲

（2）1776.7;《獨(dú)立宣言》；標(biāo)志美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)誕生

（3）《人權(quán)宣言》；啟蒙思想；

【解析】（1）根據(jù)材料一的內(nèi)容可知，“訴諸武力”指的是美國(guó)的獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；依據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)可知，1775年來(lái)克星頓的槍聲標(biāo)志著美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)。

（2）根據(jù)材料二的內(nèi)容可知，這是1776年7月4日美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期頒布的《獨(dú)立宣言》，他的 發(fā)表標(biāo)志著美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)誕生。

（3）根據(jù)材料三的內(nèi)容可知，這是出自1789年法國(guó)大革命時(shí)期頒布的《人權(quán)宣言》；依據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)可知，法國(guó)大革命受啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響，所以《人權(quán)宣言》反映了啟蒙思想。

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