【題目】目前，我國為保護(hù)棉農(nóng)利益，控制國際棉花進(jìn)口，國內(nèi)的棉花價(jià)格約比國際市場高1/3；我國紡織行業(yè)工人工資一般為美國的1/4，是越南、巴基斯坦等國的3倍。我國一些紡織企業(yè)為利用國際市場棉花，在國外建紡紗廠，并將產(chǎn)品（紗線）運(yùn)回國內(nèi)加工，在我國同行業(yè)企業(yè)紛紛到越南、巴基斯坦等國建廠的情況下，總部位于杭州的K企業(yè)獨(dú)自在美國建紡紗廠。2015年4月底，K企業(yè)在美國工廠生產(chǎn)的第一批110噸紗線運(yùn)至杭州。據(jù)此完成下面小題。

【1】如果K企業(yè)將紡紗廠建在越南/巴基斯坦等國，利潤比建在美國高，最主要的原因是越南/巴基斯坦等國

A. 離原料產(chǎn)地較近 B. 離消費(fèi)市場較近 C. 勞動生產(chǎn)率較高 D. 勞動力價(jià)格較低

【2】K企業(yè)舍棄越南、巴基斯坦等國而選擇在美國建紡紗廠，考慮的主要因素可能是

A. 原料價(jià)格 B. 勞動力價(jià)格 C. 投資環(huán)境 D. 市場需求

【3】該案例表明，隨著工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的提高，我國紡紗業(yè)已大幅度降低了

A. 原料使用量 B. 勞動力使用量 C. 運(yùn)輸量 D. 設(shè)備費(fèi)用

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【解析】

【1】紡紗廠是勞動力導(dǎo)向性產(chǎn)業(yè)，在生產(chǎn)成本中勞動力投入（即工資）所占比重大；結(jié)合材料中“我國紡織行業(yè)工人工資一般為美國1/4，是越南/巴基斯坦等國的3倍”可知，該企業(yè)將紡紗廠建在越南、巴基斯坦等國利潤比建在美國高，說明主要原因是在越南或者巴基斯坦建廠，勞動力價(jià)格較低，故選D。

【2】美國棉花生產(chǎn)高度機(jī)械化，投入高，成本高，排除A；“我國紡織行業(yè)工人工資一般為美國的1/4，是越南/巴基斯坦等國的3倍”，說明越南、巴基斯坦等國的勞動力價(jià)格遠(yuǎn)低于美國，排除B；從材料可知，我國在國外建紡紗廠的市場主要是我國，排除D。和越南/巴基斯坦等國相比，美國的政策、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等投資環(huán)境更優(yōu)，故選C。

【3】由上述分析可知，由國內(nèi)向越南、巴基斯坦等國轉(zhuǎn)移主要是為了降低勞動力成本，而美國勞動力成本遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出我國，國內(nèi)企業(yè)仍向美國轉(zhuǎn)移，說明我國紡紗業(yè)已減少對壓力數(shù)量的依賴。

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