【題目】讀材料，完成下列問題。

一艘輪船從赤道地區(qū)開往北冰洋。船員的日記上記載著如下內(nèi)容：①赤道地區(qū)終年如夏，只有夜晚和雨后，氣溫才略有降低。全年多雨，年降水量達(dá)2 000毫米左右，植物長得高大茂密。②幾內(nèi)亞灣以內(nèi)，氣溫雖然還很高，但降水卻減少，而且季節(jié)分配極不均勻，分為明顯的干濕兩季。干季來臨，植物因缺水而枯黃，草原上冷落蕭條；濕季時，草高樹綠，一片生機(jī)。③北回歸線附近，降水更加稀少，有的地方甚至全年都很少下雨，到處是荒涼的沙丘和裸露的巖石。④船到地中海附近，這里冬季溫和多雨，夏季炎熱干燥，到處生長著油橄欖和柑橘、檸檬、葡萄等亞熱帶果樹……

(1)判斷材料中數(shù)字標(biāo)注部分所描述的氣候類型：

①__________，②__________，③_____________，④__________。

(2)材料所描述的氣候類型中，屬于熱帶類型且全年降水很少的是________(填數(shù)字代號)。

【答案】熱帶雨林氣候 熱帶疏林草原氣候 熱帶沙漠氣候 地中海氣候 ③

【解析】

整體該題以讀材料為切入點，考查的是世界氣候類型名稱、分布和氣候特點，要求學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的邏輯推理能力。

（1）讀材料可知，①屬于熱帶雨林氣候；②屬于熱帶疏林草原氣候；③屬于熱帶沙漠氣候；④在地中海沿岸屬于地中海氣候。

（2）讀材料可知，材料所描述的氣候類型主要有熱帶雨林氣候、熱帶疏林草原氣候、熱帶沙漠氣候、地中海氣候；屬于熱帶類型且全年降水很少的是熱帶沙漠氣候，故代號選③。

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