【題目】地球儀和地圖是學(xué)習(xí)地理的工具,是地理信息的載體。在教室里,有的同學(xué)在看地圖,有的同學(xué)就有關(guān)地球和地圖的知識(shí)向老師請(qǐng)教。據(jù)此并依照下圖回答有關(guān)問(wèn)題。(5分)
(1)看地圖的同學(xué),觀察的是( )
A.法國(guó)地形圖
B.俄羅斯礦產(chǎn)圖
C.中國(guó)政區(qū)圖
D.美國(guó)交通圖
(2)地球儀上可以畫出多少條緯線和經(jīng)線? _______
(3)在地球儀上,可以“坐地日行八萬(wàn)里”的緯線是__________________。
(4)地球的自轉(zhuǎn)方向是_____________,在北極上空觀察地球的自轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)是___________時(shí)針?lè)较颉?/span>
【答案】
(1)C
(2)無(wú)數(shù)
(3)赤道(或0°緯線)
(4)自西向東 逆
【解析】
試題分析:
(1)在龐大的地圖家族中,有自然地圖和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地圖。自然地圖包括地形圖、氣候圖、水文圖、植被圖等,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地圖包括工業(yè)圖、農(nóng)業(yè)圖、商業(yè)圖、交通圖、人口分布圖等。看地圖的同學(xué),觀察的是中國(guó)政區(qū)圖,故本題選C。
(2)在地球儀上垂直于地軸環(huán)繞地球儀一周的圓圈叫做緯線,所有緯線都互相平行,但長(zhǎng)度不等,自赤道向南北兩極逐漸遞減,指示東西方向;連接南北兩極的并同緯線垂直相交的半圓叫經(jīng)線,所有的經(jīng)線都等長(zhǎng),指示南北方向,地球儀上緯線和經(jīng)線有無(wú)數(shù)條。
(3)現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)地球的形狀已有了一個(gè)明確的認(rèn)識(shí):地球并不是一個(gè)正球體,而是一個(gè)兩極稍扁,赤道略鼓的不規(guī)則球體。經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)量,地球的極半徑為6357千米,赤道半徑為6378千米,地球的平均半徑為6371千米,最大周長(zhǎng)約4萬(wàn)千米,地球表面積為5.1億平方千米。在地球儀上,可以“坐地日行八萬(wàn)里”的緯線是赤道(或0°緯線)。
(4)地球不停地圍繞地軸自西向東自轉(zhuǎn),如果我們站在北極上空俯視地球呈逆時(shí)針?lè)较,站在南極上空俯視地球呈順時(shí)針?lè)较颉?/span>
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