現(xiàn)有一溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為30%的糖水200g,怎樣操作才能實(shí)現(xiàn)以下目標(biāo)?
(1)使其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的1.5倍.
(2)使其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的1/3.
(3)保持溶液的總質(zhì)量不變,使其溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的兩倍.
分析:(1)欲使其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的1.5倍,須添加溶質(zhì)或蒸發(fā)水分,運(yùn)用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式可以計(jì)算出具體數(shù)值;
(2)欲使其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的
,須加水進(jìn)行稀釋?zhuān)藭r(shí)溶質(zhì)不變,根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式可以計(jì)算出加水的質(zhì)量;
(3)欲保持溶液的總質(zhì)量不變,使其溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的兩倍,也需添加溶質(zhì)或蒸發(fā)水分,運(yùn)用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式可以計(jì)算出具體數(shù)值.
解答:解:(1)改變后的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:30%×1.5=0.45=45%
原溶液中的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量為:200g×30%=60g
①設(shè)需加入溶質(zhì)x
則45%=
解之得x≈54.5g
②設(shè)須蒸發(fā)掉x水分
則45%=
解之得x≈66.7g
答:需加入溶質(zhì)54.5g,或蒸發(fā)掉66.7g水分,才能使其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的1.5倍.
(2)其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的
.即30%×
=10%
配制后的溶液質(zhì)量=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量 |
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù) |
=
=600g
需加水的質(zhì)量=配制后的溶液質(zhì)量-原溶液質(zhì)量=600g-200g=400g
答:使其質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的1/3,需加水400g.
(3)使其溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的兩倍,即30%×2=60%
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%
則60%=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=120g
由(1)可知原溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量為60g,則需加入的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量為:120g-60g=60g
加入了60g溶質(zhì),需蒸發(fā)掉60g水,溶液質(zhì)量才能保持不變,
答:保持溶液的總質(zhì)量不變,使其溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的兩倍,需加入60g溶質(zhì)同時(shí)蒸發(fā)60g水.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的計(jì)算能力,學(xué)生需根據(jù)已知條件,認(rèn)真分析,并能舉一反三,才能正確答題.