【答案】分析:質(zhì)子數(shù)等于核外電子數(shù),是原子;質(zhì)子數(shù)大于核外電子數(shù)是陽離子,質(zhì)子數(shù)小于核外電子數(shù)是陰離子.
解答:解:A、質(zhì)子數(shù)12,核外電子數(shù)是10,質(zhì)子數(shù)大于核外電子數(shù),是陽離子,不符合題意;
B、質(zhì)子數(shù)是8,核外電子數(shù)為8,質(zhì)子數(shù)等于核外電子數(shù),是原子,不符合題意;
C、質(zhì)子數(shù)是17,核外電子數(shù)是18,質(zhì)子數(shù)小于核外電子數(shù),是陰離子,符合題意;
D、質(zhì)子數(shù)是10,核外電子數(shù)是10,質(zhì)子數(shù)等于核外電子數(shù),是原子,不符合題意;
故選C;
點評:根據(jù)質(zhì)子數(shù)和核外電子數(shù)的大小關(guān)系判斷是原子或陰離子或陽離子;質(zhì)子數(shù)等于核外電子數(shù),是原子;質(zhì)子數(shù)大于核外電子數(shù)是陽離子,質(zhì)子數(shù)小于核外電子數(shù)是陰離子.