把下列各式分解因式:
(1)a4+64b4
(2)x4+x2y2+y4;
(3)x2+(1+x)2+(x+x22
(4)(c-a)2-4(b-c)(a-b);
(5)x3-9x+8;
(6)x3+2x2-5x-6

解:(1)a4+64b4
=a4+64b4+16a2b2-16a2b2
=(a2+8b22-(4ab)2
=(a2+8b2-4ab)(a2+8b2+4ab);
(2)x4+x2y2+y4;
=x4+2x2y2+y4-x2y2
=(x2+y22-(xy)2
=(x2+y2-xy)(x2+y2+xy);
(3)x2+(1+x)2+(x+x22
=1+2(x+x2)+(x+x22
=(1+x+x22;
(4)設(shè)b-c=x,a-b=y,則c-a=-(x+y),
則(c-a)2-4(b-c)(a-b)
=[-(x+y)]2-4xy,
=(x-y)2
所以(c-a)2-4(b-c)(a-b)
=(b-c-a+b)2
=(2b-a-c)2;
(5)x3-9x+8;
=x3-x-8x+8
=(x3-x)-(8x-8)
=x(x2-1)-8(x-1)
=x(x+1)(x-1)-8(x-1)
=(x-1)(x2+x-8);
(6)x3+2x2-5x-6
=x3+x2+x2+x-6x-6,
=(x3+x2)+(x2+x)-(6x+6)
=x2(x+1)+x(x+1)-6(x+1)
=(x+1)(x2-x-6)
=(x+1)(x+3)(x-2).
分析:(1)先對(duì)所給多項(xiàng)式進(jìn)行變形,a4+64b4=a4+64b4+16a2b2-16a2b2,前三項(xiàng)是完全平方式,然后先套用公式a2±2ab+b2=(a±b)2進(jìn)行變形,再套用公式a2-b2=(a+b)(a-b),進(jìn)一步分解因式.
(2)先對(duì)所給多項(xiàng)式進(jìn)行變形,x4+x2y2+y4=x4+2x2y2+y4-x2y2,然后先套用公式a2±2ab+b2=(a±b)2進(jìn)行變形,再套用公式a2-b2=(a+b)(a-b),進(jìn)一步分解因式.
(3)先對(duì)所給多項(xiàng)式進(jìn)行變形,x2+(1+x)2+(x+x22=1+2(x+x2)+(x+x22,將x+x2看作一個(gè)整體,套用公式a2±2ab+b2=(a±b)2進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步因式分解即可.
(4)設(shè)b-c=x,a-b=y,則c-a=-(x+y),則原式變?yōu)椋海╟-a)2-4(b-c)(a-b)=[-(x+y)]2-4xy,再進(jìn)一步變形分解因式即可.
(5)應(yīng)用拆項(xiàng)法,將原式變形為:x3-9x+8=x3-x-8x+8,然后分組分解.
(6)先將原式變形,x3+2x2-5x-6=x3+x2+x2+x-6x-6,然后分組分解.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題綜合考查了因式分解的方法,解題的關(guān)鍵是適當(dāng)添項(xiàng)、拆項(xiàng),然后運(yùn)用公式進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分解因式,注意分解要徹底.
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