解:(1)原式=-8-11-(13-12)=-8-11-1=-20;
(2)原式=(9-4-3)÷2=2÷2=1;
(3)原式=-4×
×
=-
;
(4)原式=
-4+4=
-(4-4)=
.
分析:(1)先計(jì)算后兩項(xiàng)的和,然后從左到右依次計(jì)算.
(2)用乘法分配律先計(jì)算前兩項(xiàng)的積,然后再計(jì)算和最后一項(xiàng)的商.
(3)能乘方的先乘方,有括號(hào)的再計(jì)算括號(hào)內(nèi)的數(shù);此時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)后兩項(xiàng)互為倒數(shù),可用乘法結(jié)合律先計(jì)算出后兩項(xiàng)的積,再計(jì)算和第一項(xiàng)的積.
(4)先將能開方的開方,能乘方的乘方,此時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)后兩項(xiàng)正好互為相反數(shù),可先合并后兩項(xiàng),然后再計(jì)算和第一項(xiàng)的和.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查了實(shí)數(shù)的運(yùn)算.在計(jì)算過程中,適當(dāng)使用乘法和加法的結(jié)合律能使運(yùn)算更簡便.