計(jì)算:
(1)16-47;
(2)28-(-74);
(3)(-37)-(-85);
(4)(-54)-14;
(5)123-190;
(6)(-112)-98;
(7)(-131)-(-129);
(8)341-249.
解:(1)16-47=16+(-47)=-31;
(2)28-(-74)=28+74=102;
(5)123-190=123+(-190)=-67;
(7)(-131)-(-129)=(-131)+129=-2;
(3)(-37)-(-85)=(-37)+85=48;
(4)(-54)-14=(-54)+(-14)=-68;
(6)(-112)-98=(-112)+(-98)=-210;
(8)341-249=92.
分析:根據(jù)有理數(shù)減法法則:減去一個(gè)數(shù),等于加上這個(gè)數(shù)的相反數(shù)計(jì)算.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考查了有理數(shù)的減法.
注意:①在進(jìn)行減法運(yùn)算時(shí),首先弄清減數(shù)的符號(hào);
②將有理數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為加法時(shí),要同時(shí)改變兩個(gè)符號(hào):一是運(yùn)算符號(hào)(減號(hào)變加號(hào)); 二是減數(shù)的性質(zhì)符號(hào)(減數(shù)變相反數(shù)).