】閱讀《塑料瓶裝水真的干凈嗎》完成下面題目(7分)
①出門(mén)在外,口渴的時(shí)候我們都習(xí)慣買(mǎi)一瓶水喝,瓶裝水給我們的印象是干凈和方便,尤其是高檔瓶裝水都會(huì)標(biāo)榜自己“出身清白”,“從未受到過(guò)人類(lèi)污染”。例如,“王島云雨”產(chǎn)自澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞島,那里號(hào)稱(chēng)擁有世界上“最干凈的空氣”,雨水自然清潔無(wú)比;“公元前1萬(wàn)年”產(chǎn)自號(hào)稱(chēng)“地球上最古老的水源”——加拿大卑詩(shī)省沿岸的冰川,水質(zhì)更是純正無(wú)比。然而,科學(xué)家指出,塑料瓶裝水也有可能“不干凈”。
②英國(guó)化學(xué)研究人員威廉·肖迪克表示,裝飲用水的塑料瓶生產(chǎn)過(guò)程就有污染隱患,因?yàn)樵谥圃炱孔拥倪^(guò)程中,會(huì)使用含有銻元素的化合物作催化劑,隨著塑料瓶的成型,銻元素也進(jìn)入了塑料中。塑料瓶可能會(huì)持續(xù)向瓶中的水溶解重金屬元素銻,這種元素長(zhǎng)期積聚在體內(nèi)可能危害健康。威廉·肖迪克對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐?5種熱銷(xiāo)瓶裝水進(jìn)行化學(xué)檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)天然地下水中的銻含量是萬(wàn)億分之一,而剛出廠的瓶裝水的銻含量平均為萬(wàn)億分之一百六十。時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),塑料瓶中的銻元素在水中的溶解量越大,這個(gè)過(guò)程就像泡茶一樣。出廠3個(gè)月后,瓶裝水中的銻元素的含量竟然增加了一倍。然而,現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上大多數(shù)瓶裝水包裝上注明的保質(zhì)期大多是24個(gè)月。另外,溫度越高,銻元素在水中的溶解量越大,而人們對(duì)瓶裝水需求量較大的季節(jié)是溫度高的夏天。肖迪克表示,雖然攝入極少量的銻元素不會(huì)導(dǎo)致人生病,但是大量攝入則會(huì)誘發(fā)嘔吐,甚至可能致命。
③美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)的研究人員米歇爾等人發(fā)現(xiàn),不少塑料瓶在加工過(guò)程中會(huì)加入名為“雙酚A”(BPA)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)與出生缺陷、發(fā)育問(wèn)題、心臟病和糖尿病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高有關(guān)聯(lián)。專(zhuān)家對(duì)它可能對(duì)人體健康造成的影響表示擔(dān)憂(yōu),而一些國(guó)家已將該物質(zhì)正式列為有毒物質(zhì)。
④此外,荷蘭研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),瓶裝礦泉水經(jīng)常被細(xì)菌和真菌污染,污染的瓶裝礦泉水對(duì)健康個(gè)體致病的危險(xiǎn)可能有限,但對(duì)于免疫功能低下的病人和嬰兒,則有更高的感染危險(xiǎn)。
⑤英國(guó)“水與環(huán)境管理協(xié)會(huì)”的執(zhí)行主席尼克·里夫斯還表示,瓶裝水對(duì)環(huán)境的污染也不容忽視。全世界每年用于制造塑料瓶的塑料為270萬(wàn)噸,這些塑料的原料大多是從石油中提取的,僅在美國(guó),制造這些塑料瓶就要消耗150萬(wàn)桶石油,這些石油可以供10萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)使用一年。86%的塑料水瓶最后都變成了垃圾,需要400年至1000年才能降解。這些塑料垃圾在燃燒時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生有毒氣體和含有重金屬的灰燼。
(摘自2011年5月《知識(shí)就是力量》,略有刪改)
A.隨著溫度增高,時(shí)間增加,塑料瓶中的銻元素在水中溶解量會(huì)越大。
B.重金屬元素銻一旦被人體攝入,就會(huì)誘發(fā)嘔吐,甚至可能致命。
C.全世界每年用于制造塑料瓶的塑料為270萬(wàn)噸,這些塑料的原料大多是從石油中提取的。
D.專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為,在塑料瓶加工過(guò)程中所加入的名為“雙酚A”(BPA)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能對(duì)人體健康造成影響。
【小題1】下列句中劃線詞語(yǔ)能否刪去?為什么(4分)
(1)出廠3個(gè)月后,瓶裝水中的銻元素的含量竟然增加了一倍。
(2)瓶裝礦泉水經(jīng)常被細(xì)菌和真菌污染,污染的瓶裝礦泉水對(duì)健康個(gè)體致病的危險(xiǎn)可能有限,

【小題1】B
【小題1】(1)不能,竟然表示出乎意料,用竟然說(shuō)明銻元素的含量增加到令人難以置信的程度,刪去后就變成情理之中了。
(2)不能,可能表示猜測(cè),用可能是說(shuō)明污染的瓶裝礦泉水對(duì)健康個(gè)體致病的危險(xiǎn)有限是一種猜測(cè),這種危險(xiǎn)也許會(huì)很大;刪去后就只表示危險(xiǎn)小了,與文章說(shuō)明的意思不符合。解析:

【小題1】B的說(shuō)法與文中“攝入極少量的銻元素不會(huì)導(dǎo)致人生病,但是大量攝入則會(huì)誘發(fā)嘔吐,甚至可能致命!辈环,所以選“B”
【小題1】說(shuō)明文的用語(yǔ)要求準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密又不乏生動(dòng)。
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