Most of the things around you will be replaced or thrown away someday. Where will they go when they are thrown out? What kinds of waste will they create, and how will it affect the environment
Most of our crash goes to places called landfills. A LANDFILL is a low area of land that is filled with garbage（垃圾）.Most modern landfills are lined with a cover of plastic to keep dangerous liquids（液體）from polluting earth and ground water supply. The problem is that more than half of the states in this country are running out of places to landfill their garbage. Because of the unhealthy materials, landfills do not make good neighbors，and people don’t want to live near them. Many landfills are set in poor neighborhoods.
The Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island, New York, was the largest garbage landfill in the world. For years, people who live nearby complained about air and water pollution caused by the enormous pile of trash. They say that the smoke have made people sick. The landfill closed in
April 2001.Now can a harmful waste—material that can pollute air, land, and water –be disposed of in a safe way.
Another way to get rid of trash is to burn it. Trash is burned in an incinerator._ Because incinerators in operation can get rid of almost all of the trash, some communities would rather use incinerators than landfills. There is a problem, though. Leftover ash and smoke from burning trash may have dangerous chemicals, and even make it hard for some people to breathe. They can harm plants, animals, and people.
You can help reduce（減少）waste by reusing bottles, batteries, and paper. You can also recycle newspaper, glass, and plastics t to provide materials for making other products.
From recycled materials, many things are made. For example, from recycled paper we can get newspapers, boxes and so on. From recycled plastic we can get soda bottles, tables, and backpacks.
小題1:Why don’t landfills make good neighbors?
A．Because there are unhealthy materials in them.
B．Because people prefer to live in the city center.
C．Because landfills are not big enough for trash.
D．Because most states are running out of places.
小題2:What does the underlined word “incinerator”_probably mean?
A．An area to collect trash.B．A machine to burn trash
C．A method that is used to burn trash.D．A station that is run by selling trash.
小題3:What is probably the best title for the passage?
A．How Is Trash Burned?B．What Can Be Reused.
C．Why Is Waste Dangerous?D．Where Does Garbage Go?

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:D

試題分析：這篇短文主要講述我們周圍的垃圾都去哪了，都是怎樣被清理掉的？人們通常是在自家周圍建立一個垃圾場，或是焚燒這些垃圾等�？墒�，這些辦法同樣也給環(huán)境造成了污染。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第五行Because of the unhealthy materials, landfills do not make good neighbors，and people don’t want to live near them.可知，故選A。
小題2:詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段第一行Another way to get rid of trash is to burn it. Trash is burned in an incinerator._“另一種清除垃圾的方式就是焚燒它。垃圾被焚燒在一個機器里�！苯Y(jié)合語境，可知選B，一個焚燒垃圾的機器。
小題3:標題歸納題。本文主要講述我們周圍的垃圾都是如何被清理掉的，故選D，垃圾都去哪了？
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Which part of the world has the most nearsighted students? Just look around you–it’s East Asia. Nine in ten school leavers in major East Asian cities are nearsighted, according to the BBC. Experts say books and video games are not to blame. East Asian students, they say, aren’t getting enough sunlight.
People become nearsighted because their eyeballs grow out of shape and light entering their eyes cannot focus correctly. The body can produce a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺) to stop eyeballs from changing shape. And guess what scientists have just discovered? Sunlight can help our bodies produce more dopamine, reported AFP.
According to the study, primary school students in Singapore spend only 30 minutes outdoors every day; in Australia, by contrast, kids spend about three hours a day outside. As a result, fewer children in Australia are nearsighted–only 10 percent, compared with 90 percent in Singapore.
“Children in East Asia basically go to school... go home and stay inside. They study and they watch television,” Ian Morgan of the Australian National University told AFP.
But being a bookworm or a couch potato does not directly harm the eyes, added Morgan. “As long as they get outside, it doesn’t seem to matter how much study they do,” he explained. “There are some kids who study hard and get outside and play hard and they are generally fine. The ones who are at major risk are the ones who study hard and don’t get outside. As a result of massive (巨大的) educational pressures and the construction (構(gòu)成) of a child’s day, the amount of time they spend outside in bright light is minimized.”
Experts suggest children should stay outside for two to three hours every day. This can include time spent in the playground and walking to and from school.
小題1:Which of the word has the similar meaning as the underlined phrase “nine in ten”?
A．manyB．fewC．someD．most
小題2:What is the main reason for the large number of nearsighted students in East Asia, according to scientists?
A．Too much reading or gaming.B．Lack（缺少）of sunlight.
C．Genetic reasons.D．Lack of exercise.
小題3:What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?
A．Dopamine is a chemical that causes eyeballs to grow out of shape.
B．Dopamine can stop light entering the eyes from focusing correctly.
C．Spending time in the sun can make the loss of dopamine in the body.
D．The more dopamine a person has in their body, the better eyesight he or she has.
小題4:According to Morgan, what kind of people are most likely to suffer from nearsightedness?
A．Those who like watching TV.
B．Those who take exercise regularly.
C．Those who study hard and play hard outdoors.
D．Those who stay indoors studying all day

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

This spring, the H7N9 virus(病毒)hit China. This brings the total number of H7N9 cases to 124 in China. So far, 23 people have died.
Most of the patients seemed to have the common flu.Other patients had a fever and a cough. They also had trouble breathing.
According to the research, people believe the H7N9 virus was from the farm birds sold at markets and birds flying through China. How can you stay away from it? It’s important to wash your hands a lot every day. You must drink boiled water, cook meat and eggs from birds completely. If you are working with farm birds, keep birds away from areas where you eat or sleep. If someone is ill and has a fever and pain in his throat, you must take him to hospital as soon as possible. Luckily, it seems that the H7N9 virus doesn’t spread from man to man.Scientists said: Most people caught it because they had ever been with animals like chickens and ducks.
How many H7N9 cases are reported in China
Total number:124. 23 people小題1:            
 
How to protect yourself and your family
小題2:       a lot every day .Drink boiled water and cook 小題3:     from farm birds completely
Where was H7N9 virus from
The 小題4:       sold at markets and birds flying through China
How to deal with the one who is ill and has a fever and pain in his throat
Take him 小題5:         as soon as possible

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答題卡標有題號的橫線上，寫出空缺處所填單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）
We eat food to get energy, so we should eat when we feel hungry. But do we really eat only when we are hungry? No, we sometimes eat even when we’re not hungry, and this causes overeating ----eating too much. But overeating can do a lot of harm , as it can cause obesity（肥胖）that can cause heart problems and other illnesses.
There are many common reasons that make us eat too much.
Meeting friends may be good for our social life, but it can also be one of the main reasons for overeating. We usually pay no attention to our health when we meet with friends.
Moods such as anger, sadness, happiness ,fear are the most common ones that make us eat food to help us feel better .
Busy lifestyles can have an effect on our eating habits .We start eating too quickly just to save time , as a result ,we eat more than our body’s requirement . When we eat meals or snacks too fast, our brain takes some time to realize that it’s full, and of course it results in overeating.
Temperature plays a very important role in deciding our food habitat In winters, we usually have warm or hot drinks like coffee, tea, hot chocolate and heavy meals to keep ourselves warm . In summers , we have ice dreams ,desserts and other drinks .These foods with the regular food add to calorie and lead to overeating .
Supermarkets have lots of attractive offers to get us to buy things that we may or may not need .There is no doubt we love eating and when we are served with our favourite food , we act like we have never seen food before .
We have always been taught to finish everything that is on the plate .So, even when we start feeling full , we keep on eating till our plate is empty or till we stop feeling guilty about wasting food .
How to control how much you put in your stomach ? here are some ways .
Use smaller plates and tall, skinny glasses. It seems that there is more food on the plate and more to drink in the glass. Smaller serving containers（容器）help stop you from putting much food and drink .
Make the sweets and other snacks out of reach . Get the candy dish off your desk and set out a bowl of fruit instead .
Don’t overeat
___小題1:_that is caused by overeating
Overeating can cause obesity and some illnesses.
Common ___小題2:___ of overeating
*When we eat with our friends, we eat too much ___小題3:___paying attention to our health.
* When we __小題4:____ from different moods, we often turn to food to feel better.
* Busy lifestyles can __小題5:____our eating habits. We eat too fast to save time.
* Because of temperatures in different __小題6:_____, we have some food that adds to calorie.
* Attractive offers in the supermarkets make us buy and eat our ___小題7:____food.
* We don’t __小題8:____ eating until the plate is empty.
__小題9:___to control overeating
*Don’t use __小題10:_____ serving containers when you eat food or drink.
*Don’t make it easy to eat the unhealthy food.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Have you seen Avatar？It’s a popular movie this year. It is three-dimensional(3D), so you may have to wear a special pair of glasses to see it. The 3D glasses make the images(圖像) from the movie look like they are coming straight at you.
More and more 3D movies are coming to theaters. 3D TV sets have been produced in Japan now. Three-dimensional technology can make TV and movies more exciting. But people with eye problems may get headaches if they spend too much time watching 3D movies.
When we look at an object(物體), each eye sees it at a different angle(角度). Our eyes send the two images to our brain(大腦), and the brain puts them together. That’s how we see depth(深度). So when we watch a 3D movie, one film projector(投影機) projects a left eye image and the other projects a right eye image. 3D glasses allow us to see a different image in each eye.
There are a lot of people walking around with very less serious eye problems. Under normal situations, the brain can adjust to their eyes so they can see things normally.
But when they are watching a 3D movie, the images projected to their eyes can’t be put together by their brain. So the brain needs to work harder at reading the images. That makes it easier for these people to get headaches.
Dr John Hagan, an eye doctor in Kansas City, said some people who do not see depth normally cannot see in 3D at all.
小題1:When people want to watch a three-dimensional movie, they need          .
A. a ticket                  B. a pair of 3D glasses             C. an earphone
小題2:Three-dimensional technology uses         film projector(s) to project one movie at the same time.
A. one                     B. two                         C. three
小題3:According to the passage, if we look at an object by only one eye, we can’t judge the       excatly.
A. image                   B. angle                         C. depth
小題4:Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. In the near future, people can enjoy 3D movie by watching TV at home.
B. Whenever you wear a 3D glasses, you can see objects more clearly.
C. People who have something wrong with their brain can’t read the images of 3D movie.
小題5:The main idea of this passage is            .
A. how to use 3D glasses to watch a 3D movie.    
B. 3D glasses make the movie seem alive
C. not everybody can enjoy 3D movies.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

People enjoy taking trips. But what are the reasons they leave home? One reason is for education. People travel because they want to learn more about other people and other places. They are curious about other cultures. When people are tourists, they get a quick look at different ways of living. Even a short look at another kind of lifestyle is an important lesson. On a trip, a person can learn directly by visiting museums and historic spots. What does a tourist learn who sees the art museums, visits the historical palaces and other scenic spots in Paris and shops along the River Seine? He gets a vivid picture, a real life of one of the French people. He learns about their attitudes（態(tài)度）, how they feel about business, beauty and history.
What about the tourist who goes to Hong Kong? Does he get the same information that he could get from a book? He might read that Hong Kong is crowded, that there is less than 200 square meters of space for each person. But seeing and feeling the lack of space will impress him much more. He might read that there are nearly 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway. But the sight of so many vehicles parked along the roadside would be a much more vivid lesson. The tourist to Hong Kong will never forget the contrasts(對比，對照): the straight vertical lines of tall modern buildings and the moving lines of boats that people live in.
小題1:Why do people leave home to travel according to the passage?
A．For education.B．For adventure.
C．To enjoy themselves.D．To look for a different lifestyle.
小題2:What do we learn from the passage about Paris?
A．It has a large population.
B．It has many tall buildings.
C．There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadway.
D．There are many museums and palaces.
小題3:What impression will a tourist get of Hong Kong?
A．It has many big and beautiful parks.
B．It is very crowded.
C．It has many historical spots.
D．It is an important industrial center.
小題4:What does the passage tell us about traveling?
A．It makes our life more interesting.
B．It enables us to get first-hand knowledge.
C．It helps develop our personalities.
D．It brings about changes in our lifestyle.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"。remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of over learning , which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(嘗試)increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overleam.
The multinlicatinn tables(乘法口訣表)are an excention to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overleaming explains why cramming(突擊學習)for an examination. though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject  well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning. on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
小題1:What is the main idea of paragraph I?
A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D．Stories for children arc easy to remember.
小題2:The author explains the law of overleaming by_________.
A．presenting research findings
B．selling down general rules
C．making a comparison
D．using examples
小題3:According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______.
A．a(chǎn) result of overlearning
B．a(chǎn) special case of cramming
C．a(chǎn) skill to deal with math problems
D．a(chǎn) basic step towards advanced studies
小題4:What is the author's opinion on cramming?
A．It leads to failure in college exams.
B．It's helpful only in a limited way.
C．It's possible to result in poor memory.
D．It increases students' learning interest.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The H1Nl virus has been spreading world-wide，it is important for us to know how to control it．Please pay attention to the following points：
1．Don't touch your face．Above all，keep your hands away from your eyes，mouth and nose，all of which serve pathways(途徑) for the viruses(病毒) to enter your body．
2．Wash your hands．If you have to touch your face，wash your hands，getting under the fingernails for 20 to 30 seconds with hot soap and water before．Soaps with surfactants(表面活性劑) can deal with flu viruses．
3．Cover your nose and mouth．When someone sneezes or coughs，liquid(液體) drops with flu viruses as far as three feet through the air and land on your nose and mouth，so it's best to keep at least an arm's length distance when talking to someone who shows signs of infection(感染)．In order to protect others，cover your mouth and nose with a tissue(紙巾) when you cough or sneeze，and clean your hands afterward．Viruses can live for hours，or even longer when on the skin or other surfaces such as keyboards．
4．Consider buying a mask in case you need it in the future．Some research suggests that masks reduce the risk of getting the flu viruses by as much as 80%．But it also suggests that if you don't wash hands，the mask doesn't work well．So wash your hands and use the mask，especially wearing face masks in crowded places is also useful．
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。
小題1:The article mainly tells ________．
A．the H1N1 virus has been spreading world-wide
B．how to control the H1N1 virus
C．cover your nose and mouth
D．everyone should buy a mask in the future
小題2:How does the viruses enter your body easily?
A．Get though your mouth．B．Get though your nose．
C．Get though your eyes．D．All of the above．
小題3:What can we do with the flu viruses?
A．Water．B．Masks．C．Soaps with surfactants．D．Tissues．
小題4:How long can the viruses live on the skin or other surfaces such as keyboards?
A．For an hour．B．For several hours．C．For two weeks．D．For a year．
小題5:Which of the statements is Not True?
A．Wash your hands before meals．
B．When you cough or sneeze，you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue．
C．You shouldn't often touch your mouth，eyes and nose．
D．When you put a mask，you can often go to the crowded places．

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s in the 2010s.You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’ve been thinking about lately. When you leave, she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people act in the way that they do, called psychologists (心理學家), are starting to believe it. You know that your brain (腦) is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.
Stress is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely to have an accident.
When you feel stressed, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline (腎上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress. Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, so you don’t use up all that adrenaline. It just stays bottled up inside you, and that’s what can do something bad to you.
What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.
The link (關(guān)聯(lián)) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious (有營養(yǎng)的) meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym (體育館), you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before starting any exercise programs.
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．You shouldn’t go to the gym if you are under stress.
B．One can do his homework to burn up adrenaline.
C．Disease and accidents are caused by stress.
D．Everyone needs stress to improve himself.
小題2:From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer (推斷) that _____________.
A．it’s difficult to change a stressful situation
B．it’s not stressful when a good change takes place
C．a(chǎn) big change will cause another stressful situation
D．a(chǎn) stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort
小題3:What is probably the best title for this passage?
A．The Body-Brain LinkB．The Causes of Stress
C．The Advice on HealthD．The Nervous System

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