【題目】 Programming Pain

Robots are useful and taking place of humans in some areas because they never get tired and can't feel pain. However, some researchers believe it's a good idea to program robots to feel pain.

Researchers from Leibniz University of Hannover in Germany are working to develop an artificial（人造的）robot nervous system to teach robots how to feel pain. "Pain is a system that protects us," said Johannes Kuehn, one of the researchers. "When we try to avoid the pain, it helps us not get hurt.”

Think about how many injuries you would receive if you couldn't feel pain. Even though pain hurts, it helps us avoid danger and treat our wounds. The same will be true for robots. As a great number of people work closely with robots, the robots must behave in a safer manner. Kuehn believes that by protecting robots from damage（傷害），they'll be protecting people as well. Damage,to robots if left unseen could lead to workplace accidents.

Rather than feel pain, some robots are designed to show pain or see it in others. Asada, an engineer at Osaka University in Japan, and his workmates have made sensors （傳感器）that pick up many types of touch signals（信號）.These touch and pain signals can turn into emotions and expressions on a robot’s face. Asada believes that these systems could finally lead to robots seeing the pain on human faces, an important skill for robots designed to care for elderly people, for example.

Antonio Damasio, a professor at the University of Southern California, argues that programming robots with a sense of pain may cause an artificial sense of feeling to develop. But he says that this communication is not the same thing as a robot truly feeling and expressing emotions or pain. If one day, robots could actually feel as humans do, Damasio has a suggestion for the number one rule for robots: Feel good.

【1】What does the word in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A.The feeling of pain.B.The injury we receive.

C.An artificial system.D.A new kind of robot.

【2】Which is the right process to show and see the pain?

① Turn signals into expressions.

② Notice pain on human faces.

③ Make some sensors.

④ Pick up touch signals.

A.③④①②B.③①②④C.②③①④D.②④①③

【3】What can express Antonio Damasio's attitude（態(tài)度）about the program?

A.HopelessB.OppositeC.ExpectedD.Worried

【4】The aim of programming robots to feel pain is ________

A.to take place of humansB.to avoid human accidents

C.to control robots completelyD.to serve humans better

【答案】

【1】A

【2】A

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

文章大意：文章主要講述了研究人員正在開發(fā)人工的機(jī)器人神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，以教會(huì)機(jī)器人如何感受疼痛。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Think about how many injuries you would receive if you couldn't feel pain. Even though pain hurts, it helps us avoid danger and treat our wounds. The same will be true for robots. As a great number of people work closely with robots, the robots must behave in a safer manner. Kuehn believes that by protecting robots from damage（傷害），they'll be protecting people as well. Damage, to robots if left unseen could lead to workplace accidents.” 想想如果你感覺不到疼痛，你會(huì)受到多少傷害。即使疼痛很痛，它也能幫助我們避免危險(xiǎn)和治療我們的傷口。機(jī)器人也是如此。由于許多人與機(jī)器人密切合作，機(jī)器人必須以更安全的方式行動(dòng)。Kuehn相信通過保護(hù)機(jī)器人免受傷害，他們也將保護(hù)人類。損壞。對機(jī)器人來說，如果不看就可能導(dǎo)致工作場所的事故。可知，第3段的內(nèi)容，指的是痛苦的感覺，故答案為A。

【2】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，the right process to show and see the pain，Make some sensors. Pick up touch signals.Turn signals into expressions. Notice pain on human faces. 正確的方法來顯示和看到疼痛，制造一些傳感器。拾起觸摸信號燈。轉(zhuǎn)向信號轉(zhuǎn)換成表達(dá)式。注意人類臉上的疼痛�？芍蚀鸢笧�A。

【3】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Antonio Damasio, a professor at the University of Southern California, argues that programming robots with a sense of pain may cause an artificial sense of feeling to develop. But he says that this communication is not the same thing as a robot truly feeling and expressing emotions or pain. If one day, robots could actually feel as humans do, Damasio has a suggestion for the number one rule for robots: Feel good.” 南加州大學(xué)教授安東尼奧·達(dá)馬西奧（Antonio Damasio）認(rèn)為，給機(jī)器人編程時(shí)帶有疼痛感可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人工感覺的發(fā)展。但他說，這種交流與機(jī)器人真正感受和表達(dá)情感或痛苦是兩碼事。如果有一天，機(jī)器人真的能像人類一樣有感覺的話，達(dá)馬西奧提出了機(jī)器人的第一條規(guī)則：感覺良好。安東尼奧·達(dá)馬西奧對這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度是期望的，故答案為C。

【4】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，主要講述了研究人員正在開發(fā)人工的機(jī)器人神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，以教會(huì)機(jī)器人如何感受疼痛。編程機(jī)器人感受疼痛的目的是更好地為人類服務(wù)，故答案為D。

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