More than 50,000,000 people live in the rainforests of the world and most of them do not hurt the forest they live in. They eat the fruits that grow on the forest trees, but they do not cut them down. They kill some animals to eat, but they do not destroy them.
When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.
The Yanomami live along the rivers of the rainforest in the north of Brazil. They have lived in the rainforest for about 10,000 years and they use more than 2,000 different plants for food and for medicine. But in 1988, someone found gold in their forest, and suddenly 45,000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold. They cut down the forest to make roads. They made more than a hundred airports. The Yanomami people lost land and food. Many died because new diseases came to the forest with the strangers.
The Yanomami people tried to save their forest, because it was their home. But the people who wanted gold were stronger.
Many forest people try to save their forests. Chico Mendes was famous in Brazil because he wanted to keep the forest for his people. “I want the Amazon forest to help all of us-forest people Brazil, and all the Earth,” he said. A few months later, in December 1988, people who wanted to cut down the forest killed Chico Mendes.
In Borneo, people were cutting down the forest of the Penan people to sell the wood. The Penan people tried to save their rainforest. They made blockades across the roads into the forest. In 1987, they closed fifteen roads for eight months. No one cut down any trees during that time.
In Panama, the Kuna people saved their forest. They made a forest park which tourists pay to visit.
The Gavioes people of Brazil use the forest, but they protect it as well. They find and sell the Brazil nuts(堅果) which grow on the forest trees.
小題1:The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was _______ of that in1900.
A．halfB．one-thirdC．two-fifthsD．one-fifth
小題2:The people who _______ have destroyed the rainforest of the Yanomami.
A．pick fruits and kill animals to eat
B．use plants for food and medicine
C．have lived there for about ten thousand years
D．made the roads and the airports
小題3:Those people built roads and airports in order to ________.
A．carry away the gold conveniently
B．make people there live a better life
C．stop spreading the new diseases
D．develop the tourism(旅游業(yè)) there
小題4:We can infer the underlined word blockades probably means:
A．包圍B．障礙C．街區(qū)D．通道
小題5: From the passage, we learn that _________.
A．we need wood to build houses, so we have to cut down trees
B．the rainforest people have done something to protect their home
C．to humans, gold is more important than trees
D．we mustn’t cut down any trees or kill any animals

小題1:D
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:B
小題5:B

小題1:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.可知答案為D
小題2:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容But in 1988, someone found gold in their forest, and suddenly 45,000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold. They cut down the forest to make roads. They made more than a hundred airports.可知答案為D
小題3:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容But in 1988, someone found gold in their forest, and suddenly 45,000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold.可知答案為A
小題4:根據(jù)單詞的意思，可知答案為B
小題5:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容大意可知答案為B
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do animals have a culture? What do we mean by "culture"? Recently social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too.  When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life that a group of people have in common. Culture is the forms of behavior (行為)hat help people to live together. It is also the forms of behavior that make one group of people different from another group.
Human beings use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language.  But these aspects(方面) of human behavior, or "culture", can also be found in the lives of certain animals, Animals can make tools, for example. We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals.  Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees(黑猩猩) can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. Animals can also share knowledge with each other and use their own language to communicate. So it may be important for us to know that the line dividing us from animals is not as clear as we used to think.
小題1:According to the article, "culture" means         
A. the languages we learn            
B. the good habits we' share with each other
C. the forms of behavior we have in common
小題2:From the fact that chimpanzees can use and make tools，we know         
A. animals may have a culture like our own
B. animals can be as clever as human beings
C. animals have the ability to help human beings
小題3:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?
A. Chimpanzees never help each other.
B' Animals use their own language to communicate.
C. People from different places have the same culture.
小題4:The traditional idea about dividing animals from human beings is that         
A. human beings can use tools       
B. human beings can depend on each other
C. human beings have the language to communicate
小題5:The main idea of the article is that         
A. the animal culture is different from the human culture
B. knowledge and communication are no longer signs of only human behavior
C. the line dividing human culture from animal culture is not as clear as we might think

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


What will the house look like in the future? Could it have gardens on its walls, or a pool with fish for dinner? Architects（建筑師） believe that they are all possible. The only thing for sure is that the houses will be as green as possible.
The tree house
Many architects in the world would like to build a “tree house.” Like a leaf, the surface of the house collects sunlight during the day. The energy can be used to heat water, produce electricity, and even create fresh air for the home. The “root” (根) of the house is deep under the ground. It uses the soil (土壤) to keep the home’s temperature.
 The Lizard house
Like a lizard (蜥蜴), changing color with the weather is the most important design of a lizard house. When it’s in the bright sun, the cover of the house will turn dark to protect it from strong heat. During dark days, it turns white and takes in as much light and heat as possible to produce energy.
 Meals at home
This design is perhaps as much about the future of food production as architecture (建筑風格). It has gardens on the outside wall of the house. People can plant tomatoes, carrots and green tea on them. So every day in the morning, you just need to walk outside and collect your meals.
Learning from the past
Looking to the future isn’t the only way to be green. Sometimes, ancient techniques (古老的技術(shù)) can also help cut down energy use. For example, a chimney (煙囪) can be a useful air conditioner because it is easier to flow out hot air from the chimney.
小題1:What is the best title (標題) of the passage?
A．Green house of the futureB．The greener, the better
C．How to build green housesD．Changes of the houses
小題2:We can heat water, produce electricity or create fresh air for the home_______.
A．with the root of a leafB．with the energy from sunlight
C．with the soil under the groundD．with gardens on its walls
小題3:What will happen to the cover of the lizard house when it’s in the bright sun?
A．It will take in light.B．It will produce energy.
C．It will turn dark.D．It will turn white.
小題4:The passage seems to tell us that meals at home in the future________.            .
A．will be more deliciousB．need more cooks
C．cost as much as possibleD．will be greener
小題5: A chimney can be a useful air conditioner but it used to cause________.          .
A．pollutionB．a(chǎn)ccidentC．noiseD．techniques

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to_46__.For example, are you often weak and tired? Maybe you have 47__yin.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs_48__also good_49__this.But people who are too_50___ and angry may have too much yang. Chinese doctors believe that they should eat__51__yin foods like tofu. Chinese medicine is now popular in many__52__.It’s easy_53__a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s _54_ to eat a balanced diet.
As for me, I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school. My_55__ habits are pretty good ,I try to eat a lot of vegetables. I eat fruit and drink milk every day.I never drink _56_.Of course, I love junk food too ,but I try to eat it only _57__.Oh, and I sleep __58__.So you see ,I look after my health .And my healthy lifestyle_59_. Good food and__60__help me to study better.
小題1:
A．be healthB．be healthyC．in healthyD．in health
小題2:
A．too manyB．too muchC．many tooD．much too
小題3:
A．beB．isC．a(chǎn)mD．a(chǎn)re
小題4:
A．forB．a(chǎn)tC．withD．in
小題5:
A．quietB．outgoingC．a(chǎn)ctiveD．stressed out
小題6:
A．littleB．muchC．moreD．less
小題7:
A．placesB．cities C．western countries D．towns
小題8:
A．have B．to haveC．havingD．has
小題9:
A．difficultB．importantC．easyD．interesting
小題10:
A．eatingB．to eatC．eatD．eating
小題11:
A．orange juiceB．coffeeC．a(chǎn)pple juiceD．hot water
小題12:
A．one time a weekB．once a week
C．one time for a week D．once for a week
小題13:
A．nine hour every night
B．nine hours every night
C．nine hours every nights
D．nine hour every night
小題14:
A．help me get good grades
B．helps me get good grades
C．help me to get good grades
D．helps me getting good grades
小題15:
A．exerciseB．exercisesC．exercisingD．to exercise

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Children can spend hours a day looking at computer screens and other digital devices. Some eye doctors say this leads to an increase in “computer vision syndrome(電腦視力綜合癥).”
Nathan Bonilla-Warford is an optometrist（驗光師）in Tampa, Florida. He has seen an increase in problems in children. “A lot more children come into the office either because their parents have noticed that they have headaches or red or watery eyes or discomfort, or because their nearsightedness appears to be increasing and they’re worried,” he says.
Dr. Bonilla-Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults. “Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortable or they start to get a headache, they’re less likely to tell their parents, because they don’t want to have the game or the computer or whatever taken away,” he explains.
He says another part of the problem is that people blink（眨眼）less often when they use digital devices. He says, “A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life. And so that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal.”
Eye doctors offer suggestions like following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule. That means every twenty minutes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you’re using.
Other suggestions include putting more distance between you and the device and using good lighting. Of course, another way is to spend less time looking at screens. Many experts say children should spend no more than two hours a day using digital devices—with no screen time for children under two.
But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children. Dr. David Hunter, from Children’s Hospital Boston, has not seen an increase in his practice. “While it is possible to develop fatigue looking at screens for a long period of time, there’s certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage（傷害）to the eyes.” he says.
小題1:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Dr. Bonilla-Warford thinks using computers causes nearsightedness.
B．People keep their eyes protected against drying by blinking normally.
C．Children under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day.
D．Dr. David Hunter says headache causes an increase in eye problems.
小題2:What does the underlined word “fatigue” mean?
A．InterestB．AbilityC．Tiredness.D．Difficulty.
小題3:What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Looking at Screen: Two Hours or More
B．How Can Children Use Their Eyes Properly
C．Using Digital Devices: Advantages and Disadvantages
D．How Much Screen Time Is Too Much for Children

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Children can spend hours a day looking at computer screens and other digital devices(數(shù)碼設(shè)備). Some eye doctors say this leads to an increase in “computer vision syndrome(電腦視力綜合癥).”
Nathan Bonilla-Warford is an optometrist（驗光師）in Tampa, Florida. He has seen an increase in problems in children. “A lot more children come into the office either because their parents have noticed that they have headaches or red or watery eyes or discomfort, or because their nearsightedness appears to be increasing and they’re worried,” he says.
Dr. Bonilla-Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults. “Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortable or they start to get a headache, they’re less likely to tell their parents, because they don’t want to have the game or the computer or whatever taken away,” he explains.
He says another part of the problem is that people blink（眨眼）less often when they use digital devices. He says, “A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life. And so that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal.”
Eye doctors offer suggestions like following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule. That means every twenty minutes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you’re using.
Other suggestions include putting more distance between you and the device and using good lighting. Of course, another way is to spend less time looking at screens. Many experts say children should spend no more than two hours a day using digital devices—with no screen time for children under two.
But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children. Dr. David Hunter, from Children’s Hospital Boston, has not seen an increase in his practice. “While it is possible to develop fatigue looking at screens for a long period of time, there’s certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage（傷害）to the eyes.” he says.
小題1:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Dr. Bonilla-Warford thinks using computers causes nearsightedness.
B．People keep their eyes protected against drying by blinking normally.
C．Children under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day.
D．Dr. David Hunter says headache causes an increase in eye problems.
小題2:What does the underlined word “fatigue” mean?
A．Interest.B．Ability.C．Tiredness.D．Difficulty.
小題3:What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Looking at Screen: Two Hours or More
B．How Can Children Use Their Eyes Properly
C．Using Digital Devices: Advantages and Disadvantages
D．How Much Screen Time Is Too Much for Children

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相關(guān)的) to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain (大腦). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. ?
小題1:The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
A．teachersB．classmatesC．doctorsD．brothers or sisters
小題2: When do children begin to know to behave well according to the passage?
A．After they go into society.B．Before they enter school.
C．When they are at school.D．Before they are born.
小題3:Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A．As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life.
B．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.
C．People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.
D．Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



China launched its first space lab module Tiangong-1 on the evening of September 29, 2011, at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China.
President Hu Jintao praised the successful launch of China's first space lab module Tiangong-1, and shook hands with the staff of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center.
Premier Wen Jiabao and He Guoqiang also shook hands with the staff at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to congratulate on the success.
Tiangong-1, which is scheduled to dock(與……對接) with the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft later this year, will pave the way for building China's first space station.
During its two-year service life, Tiangong-1 will mainly conduct four tasks, such as experiments of autonomous rendezvous(自主交會) and docking procedures(程序) with the Shenzhou-8, -9, and -10 spacecrafts in the coming launches, aiming to establish the country's first space lab, according to Wu Ping, spokesperson for China's national space administration.
According to the plan for China's manned space program, the Shenzhou-10 will be a manned spacecraft, possibly carrying a female Chinese astronaut who will test manual space rendezvous and docking with the Tiangong-1.
Functioning as a target spacecraft, Tiangong-1 is expected to become China's first space laboratory when it connects to the above mentioned spaceships.
小題1:When Tiangong-1 was launched, _____were at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.  
A．Premier Wen Jiabao and He Guoqiang
B．Premier Wen Jiabao and President Hu Jintao
C．He Guoqiang and President Hu Jintao
D．President Hu Jintao and some staff
小題2:It is reported that Tiangong-1 will conduct _____ tasks during its service life.
A．twoB．threeC．fourD．five
小題3:The underlined word “establish” here means _____________.
A．prepareB．buildC．discover D．use
小題4:The _____ spacecraft will be carrying a female Chinese astronaut.
A．Shenzhou-7B．Shenzhou-8
C．Shenzhou-9D．Shenzhou-10
小題5:Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A．Tiangong-1 was launched in the evening.
B．The service life of Tiangong-1 is about two years.
C．China expects Tiangong-1 to be the first space lab.
D．Tiangong-1 will dock with the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft next year.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Will it matter if you don’t have your breakfast? There were a test in the US. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, took the test. During the test, these people got all kinds of breakfasts and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how well they worked after they ate different kinds of breakfasts.
The result shows that if a person eats a right breakfast , he or she will work better than if he or she has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen more carefully in class.
The result is different from what some people think. It shows having no breakfast will not help them lose weight.(減肥) This is because they become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. In fact, they will gain weight.（增重） But they will lose more weight if they reduce other meals.
小題1:During the test, people got         
A．no breakfast at all
B．different breakfasts or sometimes none
C．very good breakfasts
D．little food for breakfast
小題2:The result shows that         
A．breakfast has great effect on people’s work and studies
B．breakfast has no effect on people’s work
C．a(chǎn) person will work better if he only has fruit and milk
D．students should have little for breakfast
小題3:From the passage, some people think if they don’t have breakfast, they will
A．be healthierB．work betterC．lose weightD．gain weight
小題4:The word reduce means        
A．增加B．減少C．放棄D．享用
小題5:Which of the following is not right?
A．It’s bad for your health to have no breakfast
B．Too little for breakfast and too much for lunch may make you fatter
C．If you eat much for lunch and supper, you may gain weight
D．The more breakfast you have, the more quickly you will learn in class

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