When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
【小題1】Warneken and his partners worked with ________.

A．young chimpanzee that live on an island
B．18-month-old children who live in Germany
C．kids who are living with adult chimpanzees
D．a(chǎn)dult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain
【小題2】A new study in Germany suggests that ________.
A．people also share information for good reason
B．children know something at the age of 18 months
C．chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too
D．humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago
【小題3】 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A．Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one
B．No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done
C．The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments
D．Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward
【小題4】From the passage we know that ________.
A．both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others
B．chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees
C．children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways
D．both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments


【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析

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科目：初中英語 來源：隨堂講與練　九年級上冊(配合牛津英語) 牛津版 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Arabs consider it extremely(非常地)bad manners to start talking business immediately．Even the busiest government official or executive(經(jīng)理主管人員)always takes extra time to be polite and offer refreshments．No matter how busy you are, you should make time for his hospitality(好客)．

　　The conference is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world．Frequently, you will have to discuss your business in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business．Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave．Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted．

　　Making decisions quickly is not an Arab custom．There is vagueness(含糊)in doing business in the Middle East, which will puzzle a newcomer．Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions．

　　When an Arab says yes, he may mean“maybe”．When he says maybe, he probably means“no”．You will seldom get a direct“no”from an Arab because it is considered impolite．Instead of“no”, he may say“inhallah”, which means“if God is willing”．On the other hand,“yes”doesn't necessarily mean“yes”．A smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite．An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest．

(1)

The main purpose of this article is to show ________．

[　　]

A．

why you need extra time when you visit Arab countries

B．

how to be polite when doing business in the Arab world

C．

why Arab officials are so busy

D．

what Arabs say when doing business

(2)

According to the passage, which of the following would be considered polite?

[　　]

A．

Taking a business easy and asking no questions．

B．

Demanding an immediate decision．

C．

Refusing a cup of tea and showing pictures of your product right away．

D．

Looking out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with your host．

(3)

From the passage we know that ________．

[　　]

A．

when an Arab wants to say yes, he often says maybe

B．

an Arab seldom disagrees with a guest to his face

C．

a smile and a slow nod may suggest an Arab's agreement

D．

“inhallah”is an English word

(4)

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．

Arabs don't mind being interrupted．

B．

Arabs can enter or leave a meeting room freely．

C．

It is easy to tell an Arab's real intention．

D．

A newcomer may often be puzzled in the Arab world．

(5)

We can infer that the writer of this article ________．

[　　]

A．

is probably an Arab himself

B．

has had business experiences with Arabs

C．

is against the Arab customs

D．

likes the Arab customs

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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Because earthquakes happen without warning, it’s important to take steps now to prepare. Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake happens, prepare some supplies for your home, workplace, and car.
1. Water.
A person needs at least 1/2 gallon of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, do check the “use by” date.
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3. Flashlights(手電筒) and spare batteries.
Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks.
Prepare a battery-powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order, so radios will be your best source of information.
4. Clothes.
If you live in a cold place, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies.
【小題1】 Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake?
A．Because earthquakes can be known before they happen.
B．Because earthquakes take place without warning.
C．Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood.
D．Because it’s people’s daily work to prepare the earthquakes.
【小題2】 About the prepared water, which description is RIGHT?
A．A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day.
B．You’d better use your own containers to keep water.
C．You’d better open the bottled water when you buy it.
D．You shouldn’t open the bottled water until you need it.
【小題3】 You should prepare all of the following except ______.
A．powdered milkB．fresh vegetables
C．dried fruitsD．canned juices
【小題4】According to the article we know that ______.
A．we need to prepare some supplies only at home
B．a(chǎn) telephone is the most important prepared thing
C．flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes
D．clothes are used to protect your head
【小題5】 If you live in a cold place, you should prepare _______.
A．some warm clothes and bedding suppliesB．some hot water
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科目：初中英語 來源：2012屆山東省濟南市歷下區(qū)初三中考一模英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Last week, 169 students at No.35 Middle School of Shenyang took their first no-teacher exam. After the teacher handed out the exam paper, he left the room and never came back. A student collected in the papers when the exam ended.
“That test was not only a test of knowledge, but also a test of moral (道德). We wanted to show students how important honesty is, ” said Mr. Cai, the school’s headmaster. The school says no cheating happened in the test. Next year, it wants 80% of its exams to be without teachers. But students have different ideas.
“I was happy and excited during the exam because my teachers trusted me,” said Lang Yudan, a 13-year-old girl in Class 11.
“Schools must trust students a lot not to use invigilators(監(jiān)考人). But I think it is too early. Some students will cheat if there are no invigilators. And the students will not be able to ask for help when needed,” said Hua Sha.
“I don’t like having invigilators in exams. When they walk around the classroom, they make me nervous. I would get higher marks without them in the room because I would feel more relaxed,” Liu Qingxi said.
“I think it’s very important to have invigilators in exams. Many students want to check their answers with each other after they have finished papers. And they can also keep the classroom in order when something unusual happens. They may make me nervous, but I still think we need them,” Shangguan Yan said.
Not using invigilators may be a good idea. But before using it, schools must tell students the importance of honesty and try to find ways to solve something unusual in exams.
【小題1】The passage mainly talks about ________.

A．how to pass an exam
B．how to make students honest
C．whether invigilators are needed in exams
D．how to make students clever
【小題2】No.35 Middle School of Shenyang held a no-teacher exam to _________.
A．let the students have a good rest
B．teach the students in a better way
C．help all the students pass the exam
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【小題3】From what the students have studied, we know _________.
A．invigilators really help them a lot
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C．something unusual never happens in exams
D．they like it very much
【小題4】What does Hua Sha think about no-teacher exams ?
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B．If there are no invigilators, the students will certainly get lower marks.
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Because earthquakes happen without warning, it’s important to take steps now to prepare. Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake happens, prepare some supplies for your home, workplace, and car.
1. Water.
A person needs at least 1/2 gallon of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, do check the “use by” date.
2. Food.
It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable(不易腐爛的) food on hand. Have an enough supply of canned food, powdered milk, dried fruits, non-salted nuts and canned juices for at least 72 hours.
3. Flashlights(手電筒) and spare batteries.
Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks.
Prepare a battery-powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order, so radios will be your best source of information.
4. Clothes.
If you live in a cold place, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies.
【小題1】Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake?

A．Because earthquakes can be known before they happen.
B．Because earthquakes take place without warning.
C．Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood.
D．Because it’s people’s daily work to prepare the earthquakes.
【小題2】 About the prepared water, which description is RIGHT?
A．A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day.
B．You’d better use your own containers to keep water.
C．You’d better open the bottled water when you buy it.
D．You shouldn’t open the bottled water until you need it.
【小題3】 You should prepare all of the following except ______.
A．powdered milkB．fresh vegetables
C．dried fruitsD．canned juices
【小題4】According to the article we know that ______.
A．we need to prepare some supplies only at home
B．a(chǎn) telephone is the most important prepared thing
C．flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes
D．clothes are used to protect your head
【小題5】If you live in a cold place, you should prepare _______.
A．some warm clothes and bedding suppliesB．some hot water
C．some batteriesD．some flashlights

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科目：初中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年江蘇省興化市四校初二第三次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Many animals do strange things before an earthquake (地震). This news may be important. Earthquakes can kill people and knock down homes. The animals may help to save lives.
Some animals make a lot of noise before an earthquake. Farmers have told about this. Dogs that are usually quiet have started to howl(吠). Horses on farms have run around in circles. Mice have left their holes and run away. Cows have given less milk.
In a town in Italy, cats raced down the street in a group. That happened only a few hours before an earthquake. In San Francisco, a man kept tiny pet frogs. One Sunday, the frogs jumped around more than ever. They made loud noises, like bigger frogs. That night, an earthquake struck the city.
People want to know when an earthquake is coming. Then they could get away safely. Right now, there is no sure way to know ahead of time. Maybe the best way is to watch the animals.
【小題1】This story is mostly about _________.

A．how animals act before an earthquake
B．how an earthquake starts
C．how mice leaves their homes
D．when an earthquake begins
【小題2】Before an earthquake, quiet dogs _________.
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【小題3】Before an earthquake, the frogs _________.
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A．most countriesB．Italy and San Francisco
C．Chicago and SpainD．a(chǎn)ll the western countries
【小題5】People want to _________.
A．be in earthquakeB．find out early about an earthquake
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