Question

【題目】

Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation---their young trees?

Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist(生態(tài)學(xué)家) at the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex(復(fù)雜的) than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin(達(dá)爾文) thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition(營養(yǎng)) such as nitrogen(氮) and carbon “depending on who needs it”.

Nitrogen(氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks.This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神經(jīng)元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it influences all.

Simard talks about “Mother trees”. These are usually the largest, oldest plants that on which all other trees depend. These “Mother trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “Mother trees” without paying attention to these highly complex “tree societies” of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.

“We didn’t take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly. “Mother trees” move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

【1】The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .

A. compete for survival

B. protect their own wealth

C. depend on each other

D. provide support for dying trees

【2】“Mother trees”are very important because they .

A. look the largest in size in the forest

B. pass on nutrition to young trees

C. bring more wealth to humans

D. know more about the “tree societies”

【3】The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to(指代) .

A. how “tree societies” work

B. how trees grow old

C. how forestry industry develops

D. how young trees survive

【4】We can learn from the passage that .

A. trees aren’t as complex as we think.

B. Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard.

C. if “Mother trees” are cut down, they won’t make difference to young trees.

D. trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networks.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

文章介紹了樹和樹之間不是你死我活的競爭關(guān)系，而是相互依賴的，樹木社會是高度復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會。“母樹”通過真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源�？煲�死的母樹會將自己的營養(yǎng)傳給小樹讓它們更好的成長，人們?nèi)绻�知道這些現(xiàn)象，就可以更好的保護(hù)這些樹。

【1】題意：第2段下畫線的句子“the opposite is true”可能的意思是樹____________。A. compete for survival適者生存；B. protect their own wealth保護(hù)自己的財富；C. depend on each other互相依賴；D. provide support for dying trees為垂死的樹木提供支持。根據(jù)下文trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition(營養(yǎng)) such as nitrogen(氮) and carbon “depending on who needs it”.（樹木通過它們的團(tuán)隊工作和支持生存下來，根據(jù)需要傳遞必要的營養(yǎng)，如氮和碳。）可知樹是互相依賴，這與上文提到了達(dá)爾文的適者生存的理論恰恰相反；故選C。

【2】題意：“母樹”非常重要，因為它們____________。A. look the largest in size in the forest在森林中看起來最大；B. pass on nutrition to young trees將營養(yǎng)傳遞給小樹；C. bring more wealth to humans為人類帶來更多財富；D. know more about the “tree societies”更多地了解“樹木社會”。根據(jù)第4段第4句She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow.（她解釋了這些樹如何將財富傳遞給下一代，將重要的資源輸送給幼樹，使它們能夠繼續(xù)生長。）可知答案是B。

【3】題意：最后一段中下畫線單詞“it”指______________。A. how “tree societies” work“樹木社會”如何運作；B. how trees grow old樹木如何變老；C. how forestry industry develops林業(yè)發(fā)展；D. how young trees survive幼樹如何生存。It出現(xiàn)在第五段第一句，實際指第4段里的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)上文第4段最后一句When humans cut down “Mother trees” without paying attention to these highly complex “tree societies” of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.（當(dāng)人類砍倒“母樹”而不注意它們賴以生存的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中高度復(fù)雜的“樹木社會”時，我們正在減少拯救整個森林的機會。）可知此句“We didn’t take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly.（我們沒有注意到這一點，”西馬爾傷心地說。）中的it指代“樹木社會”如何運作；選A。

【4】題意：我們可以從這篇文章中了解到_____________�？疾橥评砼袛囝}。A. trees aren’t as complex as we think.樹木不像我們想象的那么復(fù)雜；B. Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard. 查爾斯·達(dá)爾文和西馬爾有同樣的觀點；C. if “Mother trees” are cut down, they won’t make difference to young trees.如果“母樹”被砍倒，它們對幼樹不會產(chǎn)生影響；D. trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networks. 樹木可以通過地下真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與其他植物共享資源。根據(jù)第4段第3句These “Mother trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest.（這些“母樹”通過這種真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)與森林中的其他所有樹木相連，并可以管理森林中所有樹木和植物的資源。）可知D正確，選D。