【題目】用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,使短文完整正確。

important fill include breathe do advice harm act serious reason

important fill include breathe do advice harm act serious reason

In the winter of these years, the haze weather appears from time to time. Haze is a kind of air pollution in which the air is 1 with dust, smoke and other dry particles. Haze stops people from 2 and seeing things clearly. It is quite 3 to people’s health.

This kind of pollution comes from all kinds of 4, especially natural and man-made sources. There are many natural sources 5 windblown dust from wildfires. There are also man-made sources, such as motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning. Many factories produce the smog that 6 influences the air.

Haze has 7 great harm to our daily life. For example, many traffic accidents happen because of the haze weather.

People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the 8 of protecting the environment. People all over the country are taking 9 to cut down the air pollution. The government 10 people to use public transportation to go to school or work.

Besides, we should pull together to plant more trees to improve the environment. Don’t forget, we have only one earth.

【答案】

1filled

2breathing

3harmful

4reasons

5including

6seriously

7done

8importance

9action

10advices

【解析】

文章大意:本文主要介紹了什么是霧霾,霧霾的危害以及解決措施,號召我們要保護(hù)環(huán)境。

1句意:霧霾是一種空氣污染,空氣中充滿了灰塵、煙霧等干燥顆粒。根據(jù)前面的系動(dòng)詞is,和后面的介詞with,可知此處考查固定搭配be filled with意為“充滿,裝滿”,故答案填filled。

2句意:霧霾使人們不能呼吸和看清事物。根據(jù)Haze stops people from __2__ and seeing things clearly.結(jié)合常識,可知此處表示“霧霾阻止人們呼吸”,應(yīng)選breathe;stop sb. from doing sth.意為“阻止某人做某事”,故答案填breathing。

3句意:它對人們的健康是很有害的。根據(jù)to people’s health,聯(lián)系上文,可知此處表示“它對人們的健康很有害”,應(yīng)選harm;系動(dòng)詞is后跟形容詞做表語,be harmful to“對有害”,故答案填harmful。

4句意:這種污染來自各種各樣的原因,尤其是自然和人為的來源。根據(jù)后半句“…especially natural and man-made sources.”可知,這種污染來自于各種各樣的原因,應(yīng)選reason;all kinds of各種各樣的,所以reason應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù),故答案填reasons。

5句意:有許多自然資源,包括野火中吹來的灰塵。根據(jù)下文“There are also man-made sources, such as motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning.”可知,此處表示有許多自然資源,應(yīng)包括從野火中吹來的灰塵,應(yīng)選include,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處用其介詞形式including,故答案填including。

6句意:許多工廠產(chǎn)生的煙霧嚴(yán)重影響了空氣。根據(jù)Many factories produce the smog that __6__ influences the air.結(jié)合常識及上下文可知,此處表示“許多工廠產(chǎn)生的煙霧嚴(yán)重影響了空氣”,應(yīng)選serious; that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾somg,that作為主語,空格處修飾動(dòng)詞influence,所以應(yīng)用副詞seriously“嚴(yán)重地”,故答案填seriously。

7句意:霧霾已對我們的日常生活造成了很大的危害。do harm to意為“對…有害”,為固定搭配;根據(jù)句意“霧霾已對我們的日常生活造成了很大的危害!北磉_(dá)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞,故答案填done。

8句意:人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到煙霧造成的巨大危害和保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。根據(jù)下文“People all over the country are taking __9__ to cut down the air pollution.”可知,人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到煙霧造成的巨大危害和保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性,應(yīng)選important,the后跟名詞,importance“重要”,不可數(shù)名詞,故答案填importance。

9句意:全國人民正在采取行動(dòng)減少空氣污染。根據(jù)People all over the country are taking __9__ to cut down the air pollution. 可知此處句意為“全國人民正在采取行動(dòng)減少空氣污染!take action意為“采取行動(dòng)”,為動(dòng)詞短語,所以應(yīng)用act的名詞形式action,故答案填action。

10句意:政府建議人們使用公共交通工具去上學(xué)或上班。根據(jù)The government __10__ people to use public transportation to go to school or work.可知,句中缺少動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合備選詞匯和句意可知,應(yīng)選advice,動(dòng)詞,意思是“建議”;advice sb to do sth.“建議某人做某事,句子表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí),時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語the government為單數(shù),故答案填advices。

本題為短文填空,首先要快速瀏覽全文,理解短文的大致意思,再精讀短文注意所填的詞在句中的詞性、時(shí)態(tài)等等。然后根據(jù)句意、上下文聯(lián)系、語境及所給出的備選詞匯選擇合適的詞語最后根據(jù)該單詞在句子中的成分所起的作用,確定單詞的詞形,進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化如,第1小題,根據(jù)題干可知句意為“霧霾是一種空氣污染,空氣中充滿了灰塵、煙霧等干燥顆粒!苯Y(jié)合備選詞匯可知應(yīng)選擇fill,再根據(jù)前面的系動(dòng)詞is,可知此處考查固定搭配be filled with意為“充滿,裝滿”,故答案填filled。第6小題,根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選擇serious“嚴(yán)重的”形容詞;由題干可知設(shè)空處在句中修飾后面的動(dòng)詞,所以應(yīng)用其副詞形式seriously“嚴(yán)重地”,故答案填seriously。

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