Question

【題目】 Have you ever thought about how much water you use in a day?

Starting February 1st, each person in Cape Town, South Africa received a daily supply of 13 .2 gallons of water which is only enough for a 10 ---minute shower! This restriction (限制) was introduced in preparation for April 22nd, also known as Day Zero, on which the city will turn off all municipal (市政) water taps because of the overuse of fresh water these years.

Over the past three years, Cape Town has suffered from a dangerous drought (干旱). That, along with a growing population of four million people, has caused water---supply drop strongly. As of November 2017, the water level in their largest water reservoir (水庫(kù)) had dropped to 28% from 102.9% in 2014. That amount is expected to come down to 13 .5% by April 22, 2018.What's worse, the last 10% of the reservoir's levels are not potable (safe to drink) because of the dirt at the bottom.

Firstly, researchers thought the cause of the drought was El Nio. Cape Town could become the first ever major city to run out of water. The government has called on people to conserve the little water they have left by way of prevention, including stopping car washing and filling up swimming pools. They are asking the public to cut showers to two minutes and reuse bathing water to flush the toilet.

When Cape Town reaches Day Zero, there will be 200 water stations scattered(分布) across the town for people to receive their daily supply of 6.6 gallons. Armed guards will stand by to make sure there is no violence(暴力沖突) or theft.

The water shortage has already influenced all parts of Cape Town. People's lives are being affected, with those in the tourism industry and businesses like car washing, seeing no chance to make a living. The relationship between people also becomes worse as neighbors are encouraged to report each other for water waste and the government plans to collect a drought tax(稅收) as they are losing tax money because of the low water use.

【1】On April 22nd, people in Cape Town could have only _____ gallons of water for a whole day.

A. 13 .2B. 13 .5C. 10D. 6 .6

【2】The water shortage in Cape Town has become so serious because of ________ over the past three years．

①a dangerous drought ②a growing population

③overuse of fresh water ④fewer water reservoirs

A. ①②③B. ①③④C. ②③④D. ①②④

【3】What does the word conserve in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. produceB. protectC. promiseD. prepare

【4】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The water in the largest water reservoir has already dropped to 10%.

B. Neighbours will learn to help each other when facing the serious problem.

C. Tourism industry and business will not be influenced by the shortage of water.

D. Armed guards will work to help keep the water stations in order when Day Zero comes.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

短文講述了從2月1日開(kāi)始，南非開(kāi)普敦的每個(gè)人每天都得到13.2加侖的水，這只夠洗10分鐘的澡！這一限制是為4月22日，也就是所謂的零日(Day Zero)做準(zhǔn)備，在這一天，該市將關(guān)閉所有的市政水龍頭，因?yàn)檫@些年來(lái)淡水的過(guò)度使用。人們的生活受到影響，旅游業(yè)和洗車等行業(yè)的人看不到謀生的機(jī)會(huì)。人們之間的關(guān)系也變得更糟。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)：“This restriction (限制) was introduced in preparation for April 22nd, also known as Day Zero,這一限制是為4月22日，也就是所謂的零日(Day Zero)做準(zhǔn)備”和“When Cape Town reaches Day Zero, there will be 200 water stations scattered(分布) across the town for people to receive the ir daily supply of 6.6 gallons.當(dāng)開(kāi)普敦到達(dá)零日，將有200個(gè)水站分散在全鎮(zhèn)，供人們獲得6.6加侖的日供水量。”，故選：D。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)：“Over the past three years, Cape Town has suffered from a dangerous drought (干旱). That, along with a growing population of four million people, has caused water---supply drop strongly.在過(guò)去三年中，開(kāi)普敦遭受了一場(chǎng)危險(xiǎn)的干旱。這與400萬(wàn)人口的增長(zhǎng)一起，造成了水供應(yīng)的嚴(yán)重下降。”和“What's worse, the last 10% of the reservoir's levels are not potable (safe to drink) because of the dirt at the bottom.更糟糕的是，由于水庫(kù)底部的污垢，水庫(kù)最后10%的水位不能飲用”，故選：A。

【3】詞義猜測(cè)題，根據(jù)下文：“including stopping car washing and filling up swimming pools. They are asking the public to cut showers to two minutes and reuse bathing water to flush the toilet.包括停止洗車和給游泳池加滿水。他們要求市民將淋浴時(shí)間縮短至兩分鐘，并重新使用洗澡水沖廁�！�，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A. produce生產(chǎn)；B. protect保護(hù)；C. promise許諾；D. prepare準(zhǔn)備，故選：B。

【4】正誤判斷題，根據(jù)：“As of November 2017, the water level in their largest water reservoir (水庫(kù)) had dropped to 28% from 102.9% in 2014. That amount is expected to come down to 13 .5% by April 22, 2018.截至2017年11月，其最大水庫(kù)的水位已從2014年的102.9%降至28%。預(yù)計(jì)到2008年4月22日，這一數(shù)字將降至13.5%�！�，可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；“The relationship between people also becomes worse as neighbors are encouraged to report each other for water waste and the government plans to collect a drought tax(稅收) as they are losing tax money because of the low water use.人們之間的關(guān)系也變得更糟，因?yàn)猷従觽儽还膭?lì)互相報(bào)告用水浪費(fèi)，而政府計(jì)劃征收干旱稅，因?yàn)樗麄円驗(yàn)橛盟�量低而損失了稅金�！�，可知選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；“People's lives are being affected, with those in the tourism industry and businesses like car washing, seeing no chance to make a living.人們的生活受到影響，旅游業(yè)和洗車等行業(yè)的人看不到謀生的機(jī)會(huì)�！� 可知選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；“Armed guards will stand by to make sure there is no violence(暴力沖突) or theft.武裝警衛(wèi)將隨時(shí)待命，以確保沒(méi)有暴力或盜竊�！� 可知選項(xiàng)D正確，故選：D。

細(xì)節(jié)題

細(xì)節(jié)題是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)題。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時(shí)要有針對(duì)性。

推斷題

推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。

猜測(cè)詞義題

猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過(guò)閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。

1.通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞

通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果

2.通過(guò)同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞

通過(guò)同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中使用的同義詞，通過(guò)反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)

正誤判斷題

正誤判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的具體事實(shí)、信息的理解能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，給出一個(gè)句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對(duì)較小。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)先看題，后帶著“問(wèn)題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。