When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment,a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick,but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage,and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
1.Warneken and his partners worked with ________.
A.young chimpanzee that live on an island
B.18-month-old children who live in Germany
C.kids who are living with adult chimpanzees
D.adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain
2.A new study in Germany suggests that ________.
A.people also share information for good reason
B.children know something at the age of 18 months
C.chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too
D.humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one
B.No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done
C.The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments
D.Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward
4.From the passage we know that ________.
A.both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others
B.chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees
C.children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways
D.both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments
1.B
2.C
3.D
4.A
【解析】試題分析:這篇短文主要通過一個實驗說明了,大猩猩和人類一樣都會以自己的方式,無償?shù)膸椭鷦e人。
1.根據(jù)第二段Warneken and his partners ……They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany.描述,可知選B。
2.根據(jù)第二段a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. 描述,可知選C。
3.根據(jù)最后一段Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help.描述,可知選D。
4.根據(jù)短文最后兩段描述,可知大猩猩和孩子們都能找到自己的方式來幫助別人。故選A。
考點:科普性說明文閱讀
點評:本文淺顯易懂,各個小題都能在文中找到適當依據(jù)。只要認真閱讀短文,注意前后聯(lián)系,就能順利完成閱讀。文章所設試題主要考察細節(jié)查找,做題關鍵是找出原文的根據(jù),認真核查小題和原文的異同。
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A.Because earthquakes can be known before they happen. |
B.Because earthquakes take place without warning. |
C.Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood. |
D.Because it’s people’s daily work to prepare the earthquakes. |
A.A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day. |
B.You’d better use your own containers to keep water. |
C.You’d better open the bottled water when you buy it. |
D.You shouldn’t open the bottled water until you need it. |
A.powdered milk | B.fresh vegetables |
C.dried fruits | D.canned juices |
A.we need to prepare some supplies only at home |
B.a telephone is the most important prepared thing |
C.flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes |
D.clothes are used to protect your head |
A.some warm clothes and bedding supplies | B.some hot water |
C.some batteries | D.some flashlights |
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【小題1】The passage mainly talks about ________.
A.how to pass an exam |
B.how to make students honest |
C.whether invigilators are needed in exams |
D.how to make students clever |
A.let the students have a good rest |
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D.find whether the students were honest |
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D.they like it very much |
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B.If there are no invigilators, the students will certainly get lower marks. |
C.Exams without invigilators will never be held since students are not honest. |
D.Some parents don’t think it’s fair for everyone to have no-teacher exams. |
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1. Water.
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2. Food.
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3. Flashlights(手電筒) and spare batteries.
Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks.
Prepare a battery-powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order, so radios will be your best source of information.
4. Clothes.
If you live in a cold place, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies.
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A.Because earthquakes can be known before they happen. |
B.Because earthquakes take place without warning. |
C.Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood. |
D.Because it’s people’s daily work to prepare the earthquakes. |
A.A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day. |
B.You’d better use your own containers to keep water. |
C.You’d better open the bottled water when you buy it. |
D.You shouldn’t open the bottled water until you need it. |
A.powdered milk | B.fresh vegetables |
C.dried fruits | D.canned juices |
A.we need to prepare some supplies only at home |
B.a telephone is the most important prepared thing |
C.flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes |
D.clothes are used to protect your head |
A.some warm clothes and bedding supplies | B.some hot water |
C.some batteries | D.some flashlights |
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A.how animals act before an earthquake |
B.how an earthquake starts |
C.how mice leaves their homes |
D.when an earthquake begins |
A.ran away | B.started to howl |
C.climbed trees | D.race down streets |
A.sang | B.left their homes | C.jumped around a lot | D.become quiet |
A.most countries | B.Italy and San Francisco |
C.Chicago and Spain | D.all the western countries |
A.be in earthquake | B.find out early about an earthquake |
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