Question

15．American Table Manners
  Table manners are different in different countries．What is polite in China may not be polite in the Unite States．These basic rules will help you enjoy western food with your American friends．
   When you sit down at the table，always put the napkin on your lap first．
   When eatingsomething in a bowl，do not leave the spoon in the bowl．Put it on the plateunder the bowl．When you have had your meal，place your knife and fork on theside of your plate．
  During the meal，the hostess will offer you a second helping of food．Sometimes she will ask youto help yourself．When she offers you food，give her a direct answer．If you refuse the first time，she might not ask you again．
   At the table，ask others to pass you dishes that are out of your reach．Good expressions to know are：“Please pass me the…”or“Could you hand me the-please？”
   The best way to learn good manners is to watch others．Observe （觀察） the way your western friends eat．This is the best way to avoid making mistakes when you are unsure of what to do．

The Basic Rules of Table Manners in America
Before the meal	You should put the napkin on your（73）lapfirst．
During the meal	★If the hostess offers you food，you'd better answer her（74）directly．She might ask you just once． ★You can ask others for help when the dishes are（75）out ofyour reach．
After the meal	★After you have the meal，you should put the（76）knife and forkon t he side of your plate．
The best way	★If you don't know how to behave well at table，just（77）watch others/do as others do．It works well．

Answer 1

分析 美國的餐桌禮儀
  在不同的國家，餐桌禮儀是不一樣的．在中國被看作有禮貌的行為在美國可能是不禮貌的．這些基本的規(guī)則將幫助你和你的美國朋友享受吃西餐的快樂．
   當你在飯桌前坐下的時候要把紙巾放在大腿上．
   當在碗里吃東西的時候，不要把勺子放在碗里．把它放在碗下面的盤子里．當你吃飯的時候，把你的刀和叉子放在盤子的一側．
  在吃飯期間，主人可能給你提供食物．有時她會讓你隨便吃．如果主人給你提供食物，你要給她一個明確的答復．如果你第一次拒絕了，她就不會再問你．
  當吃飯的時候，可以請別人給你遞過來你夠不到的菜．好的表達方式是：“請遞給我…”或“你能幫我嗎？”
  最好的學習禮貌的方式是看別人怎么做．當你不確定要做什么的時候，觀察一下你西方朋友吃飯的方式，這是避免犯錯誤的最好方式．

解答 試題分析：本文敘述了美國的餐桌禮儀，在吃飯前要把紙巾放在大腿上，在吃飯期間如果主人給你提供食物，你要直接回答．在飯后，要把刀叉放在你的盤子的旁邊．當不知道如何去做的時候應該注意觀察其他的人的做法．
73．答案：lap．細節(jié)理解題．根據always put the napkin on your lap first．可知把紙巾放在大腿上，故填lap．
74．答案：directly．判斷推理題．根據When she offers you food，give her a direct answer．可知如果主人給你提供食物，你要直接回答，這里用副詞修飾動詞，故填directly．
75．答案：out of．細節(jié)理解題．根據At the table，ask others to pass you dishes that are out of your reach．可知當吃飯的時候，可以請別人給你遞過來你夠不到的菜．這里out of reach夠不到，故填out of．
76．答案：knife and fork．細節(jié)理解題．根據When you have had your meal，place your knife and fork on the side of your plate．當吃完了飯的時候，要把刀叉放在你的盤子的一邊，故填knife and fork．
77．答案：watch others/do as others do．判斷推理題．根據Observe （觀察） the way your western friends eat．可知當不知道如何去做的時候應該注意觀察其他的人的做法，故填watch others/do as others do．

點評 本篇短文是一篇社會文化類閱讀短文．本篇閱讀理解主要告訴學生有關“美國的餐桌禮儀“的話題，學生的對這個話題比較熟悉．在做題的過程中一定要結合題目從原文中找答案，抓住關鍵性的與之相關的句子仔細推敲，一定要忠實于原文，這是做好閱讀理解題的關鍵．