【題目】 Geography is the study of Earth and its climates. Scientists use it to study global warming and track the weather. Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. It is now easier than ever to use geography because of a science called space technology.

The United States launched its first satellite in 1958. Some space missions that followed were geographical studies. In fact, earth science is a big part of the work of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Astronauts looked out of the space shuttle. They decided to take photographs of Earth from their vantage point. Over the years, picture quality improved. Shuttle photography now shows land features, such as rivers. It can even show the streets of large cities. Photos of the same places at different times show how the land is changing.

NASA does not use just photographs, though. In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts. It led to the creation of new space tools to use in geography.

The Landsat Program began in 1972. This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space. The pictures were so precise that scientists could count the number and kinds of crops in a field. Landsat showed where Earth’s surface had faults along which earthquakes might happen. This information helped in the planning of new cities and factories. Landsat also made discoveries. In Antarctica it located ranges of unknown mountains. It pinpointed small lakes in Virginia that were no ton maps. Landsat, now more advanced, still flies today.

Another space tool is Earth Observing-1 (EO-1). This spacecraft flies right behind Landsat. It takes pictures of the same sites. The two sets of pictures, viewed together, show how cities grow and how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time. This helps scientists learn how people affect geography.

One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS is computer software that helps scientists to study Earth. GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people — not just the government —can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them.

【1】Why do governments study geography according to the passage?

A.To improve the environment.B.To make the land use plan.

C.To make new discoveries.D.To count the crops in a field.

【2】Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.The U.S. satellite program began in 1972.B.Landsat was able to take pictures of other planets.

C.TIROS was successful in giving weather forecasts.D.GIS can only be used by the government.

【3】From the passage, we can infer that ________.

A.GIS is the newest computer to study Earth

B.NASA only depends on photos to study Earth

C.satellite pictures can give more detailed information

D.recent U.S. satellites are as advanced as the old ones

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】C

【解析】

短文大意：本文是科技類閱讀，介紹了觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星在地理研究方面的應(yīng)用，以美國(guó)為例重點(diǎn)介紹了幾種地球觀測(cè)衛(wèi)星的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)。

【1】題意：根據(jù)文章，政府為什么要學(xué)習(xí)研究地理？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。A. 改善環(huán)境。B. 制定土地利用規(guī)劃。C. 做出新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。D. 計(jì)算田地里的莊稼。根據(jù)第一段“Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. 政府利用它來了解人們?cè)谀睦锷詈凸ぷ鳎⒂?jì)劃如何利用土地”，可知選B。

【2】題意：根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的？考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。A. 美國(guó)的衛(wèi)星計(jì)劃始于1972年；根據(jù)“The United States launched its first satellite in 1958 …The Landsat Program began in 1972”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。B. Landsat能夠拍攝其他行星的照片；根據(jù)“This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。C. TIROS成功地做了天氣預(yù)報(bào)；根據(jù)“In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts”可知說法正確。D. GIS只能由政府使用；根據(jù)最后一句“Businesses, schools, and even average people-not just the government-can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。綜合以上分析，故選C。

【3】題意：從文中，我們可以推斷________�？疾橥评砼袛唷�A. GIS是研究地球的最新計(jì)算機(jī)；根據(jù)“One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。B. 美國(guó)宇航局只依靠照片來研究地球；根據(jù)“NASA does not use just photographs, though”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。C. 衛(wèi)星圖片可以提供更詳細(xì)的信息；根據(jù)“Over the years, picture quality improved”，結(jié)合本段及第五段的描述，可知衛(wèi)星圖片可以提供更詳細(xì)的信息，說法正確。D. 最近的美國(guó)衛(wèi)星和舊的一樣先進(jìn)；根據(jù)“GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people-not just the government-can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them”可知GIS優(yōu)于早期的空間工具，說法錯(cuò)誤。綜合以上分析，故選C。

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】 Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey chocolate. But do you know that the Hershey chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old? And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had many failures in business before he started his famous company?

Milton Hershey was born in 1857 in central Pennsylvania. He stopped attending school when he was 12 years old. Before he became interested in making chocolate, he worked as a printer for a small newspaper at first, but he didn’t like it. Then he decided that printing was not the right job for him.

Then he worked at a candy factory in Lancaster. After working for a few years there, he decided to open his own little candy business near Philadelphia. His first business failed because it was not making money. After that, he went to Denver to learn how to make caramels(焦糖). He took his new skills back to New York and worked selling candies on the street. But his second business also failed.

Finally, Milton Hershey moved back to Pennsylvania where he grew up. He then experimented with all sorts of different candies and chocolate. By 1893 he was selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy each year. Since his chocolate-flavored caramels were the best-selling, he decided to make chocolate himself.

By experimenting, Milton Hershey discovered how to make delicious chocolate. The area where he lived had a large and easy supply of milk and sugar, which helped him succeed in his chocolate business. In 1903, Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and a town to go with it.

Today, the town of Hershey is still the home of the factory that Milton Hershey built. The streetlights are shaped like the candy. The air often smells like chocolate. And if you ever visit it, you can smell delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town.

The factory is not so hard to find, just travel down Cocoa Avenue until you get to East Chocolate Avenue. Turn right at the traffic lights and just follow your nose.

【1】Where did Milton Hershey spend his childhood?

A.In PennsylvaniaB.In LancasterC.In PhiladelphiaD.In New York

【2】Why did he decide to make chocolate himself?

A.Because he was taught to make delicious chocolate.

B.Because he got a new idea for making chocolate.

C.Because he built a huge chocolate factory himself.

D.Because he was just interested in eating chocolate.

【3】Which of the following sentences about Milton Hershey is TRUE?

A.In 1869, he left school and later worked as a printer for a small newspaper.

B.After his first business failed, he went to Lancaster to learn some new skills

C.He became very successful in chocolate business by experimenting caramels.

D.The factory is difficult to find when you travel down to East Chocolate Avenue.

【4】What does the underlined phrase “follow your nose” in the last paragraph mean?

A.Stop right there.B.Walk a few hours.C.Go straight ahead.D.Run as fast as possible.

【5】What is the correct order of the following sentences?

① A million dollars worth of caramel candy was sold each year.

② His second business failed.

③ He went to Lancaster and worked at a candy factory.

④ He worked as a printer for a small newspaper.

⑤ His chocolate business became a huge success.

A.③②⑤④①B.③②①④⑤C.④②③⑤①D.④③②①⑤

查看答案和解析>>

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】— wonder if you've made a decision on the project, Eric.

—Not yet.I can't make it until I have first-hand________on prices.

A.newsB.knowledgeC.information

查看答案和解析>>

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】 Many things can be shared these days, such as bikes, cars and chargers(充電寶). A “sharing bookstore” also came out last year.

Sanxiaokou Xinhua Bookstore, the world’s first sharing bookstore, opened on July 16 in Hefei, Anhui province, according to China News. It sells books as normal bookstores. But at the same time, it allows readers to take books home for free to read after paying a 99 yuan deposit(押金). They can borrow two books in 10 days by scanning a QR code(掃描二維碼) on the book.

The bookstore is quite popular among the cily’s readers. By Aug 26, more than 100,000 books had been borrowed. The number of visitors to the bookstores has also grown by 50 percent. The bookstore is going to open nine more stores in other places of the city.

But some people question that these sharing bookstores are just like a library.

“Although the two both rent books, sharing bookstores have more kinds of books," Xu Xinwei, the store’s deputy manager(副店長(zhǎng))，told China News. “We also renew(更新) our book selection more often than libraries.”

【1】When did the world’s first sharing bookstore open?

_____________________________________________________________________（不超過10個(gè)詞）

【2】What can you do after paying a 99 yuan deposit in Sanxiaokou Xinhua Bookstore?

_____________________________________________________________________（不超過10個(gè)詞）

【3】Compared with libraries, what are the advantages of sharing bookstores?

_____________________________________________________________________（不超過20個(gè)詞）

查看答案和解析>>

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文，并把所缺單詞填寫在答題卡指定的位置上。每個(gè)空只能填寫一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。

Bats like living in dark and wet places. There are all 【1】of viruses(病毒).

Bats always live in groups, 【2】the viruses can have larger "playgrounds" to grow and become more powerful.

Bats are like humans in some way. Our similar genes (基因) make it easier for 【3】to become sick with the same viruses.

When bats fly, their body temperature can reach as 【4】as 40 °C. Such temperature can kill weak viruses, but 【5】ones will be alive and continue to grow. Bats have special protection systems 【6】allow them to live with viruses without getting sick. Since they can fly, bats can spread viruses farther and more easily than other animals.

Although wild animals carry many diseases, it doesn't mean that we should consider them 【7】human's enemies. Each kind of animal plays 【8】role in the ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) and all of them are important. The 【9】we should learn from virus outbreaks(爆發(fā)) is to respect and 【10】animals and to live in peace with them, instead of hunting, killing, or eating them. Only in this way can we create a better world for our next generation.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machines?

Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?

It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce（稀缺的） resources.

The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so ―yesterday that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in post-industrial society has led those countries to neglect（忽略） their manufacturing sector(制造業(yè)) with negative consequences for their economies.

Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the digital divide between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I amnot saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative（別的，可替代的） uses of their money.

In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary（革命的） that now we live in a borderless world. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.

Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.

【1】Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to .

A.a lack of confidence in technologyB.a slow progress in technology

C.a conflict of public opinionsD.a waste of limited resources

【2】The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should .

A.take people's essential needs into considerationsB.make their programmes attractive to people

C.ensure that each child gets financial supportD.provide more affordable internet facilities

【3】What can we learn from the passage?

A.People should be encouraged to make more donations.B.Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.

C.Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D.Economic policies should follow technological trends.

【4】What’s the best title of the passage?

A.The influences of ICTB.The trends of technology

C.The fascination with ICTD.The use of ICT

查看答案和解析>>

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】翻譯短語(yǔ)

【1】死于饑餓

_____________________________

【2】染上病毒

_____________________________

【3】歷史上最偉大的人

_____________________________

【4】達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

_____________________________

【5】后悔買了這臺(tái)機(jī)器人

_____________________________

【6】實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃

_____________________________

【7】推動(dòng)這臺(tái)機(jī)器的使用

_____________________________

【8】向商店投訴這只電子狗

_____________________________

【9】發(fā)現(xiàn)他的公寓一團(tuán)糟

_____________________________

【10】一份火星生活指南

_____________________________

查看答案和解析>>

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】 Many people say dolphins are very itelligent. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they smart like humans or are they more like cats or dogs? Dolphins use their brains differently from people. But scientists say dolphin intelligence and human intelligence are similar in some ways. How?

Like humans, every dolphin has its own name. The name is a special whistle. Each dolphin chooses a specific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Actually, scientists think dolphins, like people, “talk” to each other about a lot of things, such as their age, their feelings, or finding food. And, like humans, dolphins use a system of sounds and body language to communicate. But understanding their conversations is not easy for humans. No one speaks “dolphin” yet, but some scientists are trying to learn.

Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups, and they often join others from different groups to play games and have fun—just like people. In fact, playing together is something only intelligent animals do.

Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: both species make plans to get something they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an interesting strategy to get food. When fish are near a boat, dolphins show signs to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. What is the advantage for the dolphins in doing so? They get to eat some of the fish that escape from the net.

根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。

【1】What does a dolphin often use as its name?

A.A body language.B.A special whistle.

C.Its feeling.D.Its age.

【2】What does the underlined word "species" mean in Chinese?

A.方法B.片段C.物種D.聲音

【3】Why do dolphins help the fishermen?

A.To catch a lot of fish by themselves.

B.To eat some fish outside the net.

C.To find the fish.

D.To show their intelligence.

【4】What can we infer（推斷）from the passage?

A.Some scientists can understand dolphin conversation.

B.Dolphins probably help fishermen by using their body language.

C.Dolphins help men because they like humans.

D.Dolphins can talk to humans about their age and feelings.

【5】What's the main idea of the passage?

A.Dolphins can communicate with each other at birth.

B.Dolphins are social animals because they play together.

C.Dolphins are smart and they are like humans in some ways.

D.Dolphins help humans do many things like catching fish.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：初中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：

【題目】No matter how hard it is, Chinese women's volleyball team will never give up.

______________________________________________________________________________

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案