Question

【題目】 Earthquakes usually come without warning. What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself.

Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.

If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls and windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects.

If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves(浪) that can really harm the people nearby.

When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area.

Always remember to hope for the best but prepare for the worst.

【1】What does the underlined word “survival” mean in Chinese?

A. 坍塌B. 廢墟C. 幸存D. 失蹤

【2】What shouldn’t you do if you are inside when the earthquake starts?

A. To get under a table.B. To get under a bed.

C. To stay out of the kitchen.D. To stand near walls or windows.

【3】Which is the wrong way if you are outside when the earthquake happens to you?

A. To stay away from buildings and trees.

B. To get as far away from the sea water as possible.

C. To run into your house quickly to take something valuable.

D. To drive your car to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in

【4】When an earthquake happens, often comes out.

A. electronic fireB. gas fireC. forest fireD. grass fire

【5】What is the passage mainly about?

A. The ways to stay calm.

B. The ways to stay away from tall buildings.

C. The ways to move outdoors to an open area.

D. The ways to protect yourself when an earthquake happens.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】C

【4】B

【5】D

【解析】

地震是日常生活中常見的一種自然災(zāi)害，它總是突然發(fā)生，造成很多危險和傷害。如果發(fā)生地震，你該怎么做呢？如何保護(hù)自己和他人，盡量避免傷害？這篇短文中給我們提出了一些建議。

【1】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.可知，這個建議是讓我們在地震中保持冷靜，這樣能拯救我們的生命，讓我們生存下來。因此survival意為“生存，幸存”，故應(yīng)選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls and windows and stay out of the kitchen.可知，如果地震發(fā)生時你在室內(nèi)，要尋找比較堅固的東西來保護(hù)自己，如桌子下面或床下面，不要站在墻和窗戶附近，遠(yuǎn)離廚房。由此可知應(yīng)選D。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第四段If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, pull over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible.可知，A、B和D三個選項(xiàng)都在這一段中提到了，故C不對，地震發(fā)生時，跑進(jìn)房子里拿東西這是非常危險的，房子隨時會倒塌，你會被困在里面。故選C。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第五段When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, gas fire often comes with an earthquake.可知，氣體火災(zāi)常伴隨地震發(fā)生。由此可知應(yīng)選B。

【5】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文意和短文第一段中What should you do if this happens to you? An earthquake is dangerous, but there are still things you can do to protect yourself可知，這篇短文講述的是地震發(fā)生時，應(yīng)該怎樣做來保護(hù)自己，文章中共提出了四個建議。因此D選項(xiàng)“地震發(fā)生時保護(hù)你自己的方法”最符合文意，故選D。

這是一篇科普類的說明文，短文中介紹了在發(fā)生地震時，我們應(yīng)該怎樣做來保護(hù)自己。文章主題明確，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，短文第一段點(diǎn)明文章主旨，從第二段到第五段是作者提出的建議，每一段的開頭都有中心句；最后一段是簡單的總結(jié)。短文內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生們的日常生活，比較容易理解。題型是閱讀理解，題目設(shè)置有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。做題時，應(yīng)先瀏覽短文，了解大意和結(jié)構(gòu)；然后根據(jù)題目所問，鎖定文章相關(guān)信息，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)作答。細(xì)節(jié)理解題題型較簡單，答案�？梢灾苯釉谠�文找到。例如第2小題，根據(jù)題干中if you are inside可迅速定位至文章第三段，根據(jù)If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls and windows and stay out of the kitchen.并且對比選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選D。詞義猜測題考查學(xué)生們在具體語境中猜測生詞含義的能力，學(xué)生們可以根據(jù)語境進(jìn)行分析、猜測；或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法的知識；或根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、同位語等。如第1小題，根據(jù)上下文語境Your chances of survival in an earthquake go up if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.可知，這個建議是讓我們在地震中保持冷靜，這樣能拯救我們的生命，讓我們生存下來。因此survival意為“生存，幸存”，故應(yīng)選C。