13.Depression is not a choice.Rather,it is a true medical condition like high blood pressure or heart disease.In the United States alone,more than 17million people suffer from depression with women being twice as likely as men to suffer from the disease.Depression crosses racial and socioeconomic lines. Anyone can suffer from it,and those that do are not"crazy"or"weak".They have a serious yet highly treatable disease.
Feeling down?You're not alone.If depression seems pretty common,it is.One in every ten adults suffers from depression.And that's what has scientists confused.If depression causes harm to the body,why is it so widespread in the population?Some scientists think they may have the answer.Depression may have an evolutionary (進(jìn)化) benefit.It may improve one's chances of fighting off infection (感染).
Scientists have known that depressed people show an immunoreactive (免疫反應(yīng)性的) condition known as inflammation (炎癥),even when they are not infected.For several years they have been finding that genes (基因) linked to depression also affect the function of the immune system.Stresses,which can lead to depression,also change the immune system.These findings suggested that depression was somehow linked to the body's ability to fight disease.
Some scientists now come up with the idea that depression might have had an evolutionary advantage in the days before modern medicine and antibiotics (抗生素).Infection was a major cause of death in early human history.Surviving those infections determined which genes were passed to the next generation.
They doubt that depression helped people,especially children,stay alive from infection.Extreme tiredness leads to inactivity and less social contact which helps keep infection from spreading.Having no appetite helps avoid food sharing which can also spread infection.Sleeplessness,which is associated with both depression and immune system activation,may have been a mechanism to keep a person alert(機(jī)警) to fight off enemies after injury.
If scientists are correct about this link,it could lead to new treatments for depression.They are interested in drugs that treat conditions where the immune system attacks the person's own body,known as auto immune diseases.It is possible that medicine known to treat auto immune disease may be successful in treating depression also.
80.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1meansD.
A.there is a depression line between different groups and societies
B.people at a higher social position may tend to suffer from depression
C.people who are living with depression could connect with each other
D.a(chǎn)nyone can get depression whatever their economic states and backgrounds are
81.In Paragraph 2the authorA.
A.introduces an idea on depression
B.gives an example to show his idea
C.explains how depression works
D.describes the depression problems
82.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?B
A.Depression can spread infection.
B.Stress may affect the function of the immune system.
C.Women are less likely to suffer from depression.
D.Modern medicine is widely used for treating depression.
83.The writer mainly wants to tell people that depressionC.
A.is serious but highly treatable disease
B.could have its advantages in scientific research
C.may improve one's chances of fighting off infection
D.is a true medical condition like high blood pressure.
分析 抑郁癥不是一種選擇.更貼切地說,抑郁癥是像高血壓或心臟病一樣真實(shí)存在的疾。畠H僅在美國就有超過一千七百萬人收到抑郁癥的困擾,其中女性患者是男性患者的2倍.抑郁癥是不分種族和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的.每個人都可能被抑郁癥困擾,包括那些既非"瘋子"也不是"弱者"的人,他們也會有嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥,但是它的治愈率是非常高的.
感覺失落嗎?你并不是一個人有這種感覺.似乎抑郁癥相當(dāng)普遍,但這的確是事實(shí).每十個成年人中就又一個飽受抑郁之苦.這也是科學(xué)家們感到迷惑的.如果抑郁會對人的身體造成損害,為什么它在人類中這么普遍?一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為他們可能有答案.因?yàn)橐钟艨赡軙谷诉M(jìn)化.它會提高人們對抗感染的能力.
科學(xué)家已經(jīng)知道抑郁的人們會體現(xiàn)出一種免疫反應(yīng)性,即炎癥,即使他們沒有被感染.?dāng)?shù)年以來科學(xué)家們也發(fā)現(xiàn)與抑郁癥關(guān)聯(lián)的基因會影響人體免疫系統(tǒng)功能.壓力會使人抑郁,同時它也會改變?nèi)梭w免疫系統(tǒng).這些發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著抑郁有可能與人體對抗疾病的能力有關(guān)系.
解答 80.D.句意理解題.結(jié)合Anyone can suffer from it,and those that do are not"crazy"or"weak".They have a serious yet highly treatable disease.可知是說任何人都會患抑郁癥,跨越種族和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位.故選D.
81.A.段落理解題,結(jié)合Feeling down?You're not alone.可知是在說抑郁癥的一種觀點(diǎn),故選A.
82.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.結(jié)合第三段Stresses,which can lead to depression,also change the immune system可知壓力可能影響免疫系統(tǒng)的功能,故選B.
83.C.推理題,結(jié)合Sleeplessness,which is associated with both depression and immune system activation,may have been a mechanism to keep a person alert(機(jī)警) to fight off enemies after injury.可知抑郁癥有可能會幫助抵抗感染,故選C.
點(diǎn)評 做本題時,首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意. 其次,細(xì)讀題材,各個擊破.掌握全文的大意之后,細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息.