9．By the time the factory was shut down，ithad dumped（dump） its waste into the lake for years．

分析 到這家工廠被關(guān)閉的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)往湖里倒了很多年的垃圾了．

解答 本題考查的是過去完成時(shí)的用法，by the time+過去時(shí)間或一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，做過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語，表示過去的過去，故答案應(yīng)為had dumped．

點(diǎn)評 每一種特定的時(shí)態(tài)都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志，尋找其時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志并加以認(rèn)真分析可以巧解時(shí)態(tài)試題．所謂時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志，指的就是某些特定的詞、短語或句式，在通常情況下要與某種特定的時(shí)態(tài)連用，同學(xué)們在做題時(shí)若能充分利用這些時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志，同時(shí)結(jié)合句子語境，就可很快得出正確答案．

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