【題目】閱讀圖文材料，完成下列要求。

黃石市是武漢城市圈副中心城市，是全國資源枯竭轉(zhuǎn)型試點城市，也是國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)的沿江開放城市。黃石市是近代中國民族工業(yè)的搖籃，境內(nèi)有武九鐵路貫穿，并有大廣、滬渝、福銀、杭瑞四條高速公路交會，還擁有國家一類水運(yùn)口岸。截至2015年，全市已探明儲量的礦產(chǎn)有37種，其中鐵、銅、金、煤等是優(yōu)勢礦產(chǎn)。黃石形成了黑色金屬、有色金屬、機(jī)械制造、建材、能源、食品飲料、紡織服裝、化工醫(yī)藥等8大產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。2017年，國家發(fā)展改革委員會確定了全國12個城市(經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū))建設(shè)首批產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級示范區(qū)，黃石市是湖北省唯一一個入選城市。

（1）簡述黃石市成為近代中國民族工業(yè)搖籃的主要條件。

（2）分析近些年黃石市工業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的主要問題。

（3）試為黃石市產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級提出合理化建議。

【答案】（1）礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，原料充足；河湖眾多，水源充足；臨近長江，水運(yùn)便利；地處長江中下游地區(qū)，人口稠密，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高，市場廣闊。(答出三點)（2）礦產(chǎn)資源儲量減少；產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)單一；產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)層次較低，附加值較低；環(huán)境污染加劇，生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降等 （3）改造升級傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)；大力培育新興產(chǎn)業(yè)；因地制宜地發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)；完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；加強(qiáng)環(huán)境污染防治，推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理等。(答出四點)

【解析】整體分析：早期工業(yè)發(fā)展主要是有優(yōu)勢自然條件。黃石地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，原料充足，水源充足，水陸交通便利，利于工業(yè)發(fā)展。礦產(chǎn)資源是不可再生資源，總會出現(xiàn)資源枯竭問題，傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)區(qū)，環(huán)境污染問題嚴(yán)重。要調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，治理污染，發(fā)展新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。

（1）根據(jù)材料，黃石地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，原料充足。河湖眾多，水源充足。臨近長江，水運(yùn)便利，有國家一類水運(yùn)口岸。地處長江中下游地區(qū)，人口稠密，有鐵路、公路、水運(yùn)等交通方式，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高，市場廣闊。

（2）礦產(chǎn)資源是不可再生資源，黃石礦產(chǎn)資源儲量減少，面臨資源枯竭問題。以傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)為主，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)單一。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)層次較低，附加值較低。資源開采、冶金等重工業(yè)比重大，環(huán)境污染加劇，生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降等。

（3）黃石市要調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，改造升級傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，大力培育新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。因地制宜地發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)。完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，加強(qiáng)環(huán)境污染防治，推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理等。

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