【題目】【2016年高考浙江卷】閱讀下面的文言文,完成下列各題題。
瑯?gòu)指5赜?/span>
【明】張岱
晉太康中,張茂先①為建安從事,游于洞山。緣溪深入,有老人枕書(shū)石上臥,茂先坐與論說(shuō)。視其所枕書(shū),皆蝌蚪文,莫能辨,茂先異之。老人問(wèn)茂先曰:“君讀書(shū)幾何?”茂先曰:“華之未讀者,二十年內(nèi)書(shū),若二十年外書(shū),則華固已讀盡之矣。”老人微笑,把茂先臂走石壁下,忽有門(mén)入,途徑甚寬,至一精舍,藏書(shū)萬(wàn)卷。問(wèn)老人曰:“何書(shū)?”曰:“世史也。”又至一室,藏書(shū)愈富。又問(wèn):“何書(shū)?”老人曰:“萬(wàn)國(guó)志也。”后至一密室,扃鑰甚固,有二黑犬守之,上有署篆,曰“瑯嬛福地”。問(wèn)老人曰:“何地?”曰:“此玉京、紫微、金真、七瑛、丹書(shū)、秘籍。”指二犬曰:“此癡龍也,守此二千年矣。”開(kāi)門(mén)肅茂先入,見(jiàn)所藏書(shū),皆秦漢以前及海外諸國(guó)事,多所未聞。如《三墳》《九丘》《連山》《歸藏》《梼杌》《春秋》諸書(shū),亦皆在焉。茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果餉之,鮮潔非人世所有。茂先為停信宿而出,謂老人曰:“異日裹糧再訪,縱觀群書(shū)。”老人笑不答,送茂先出。甫出,門(mén)石忽然自閉。茂先回視之,但見(jiàn)雜草藤蘿,繞石而生,石上苔蘚亦合,初無(wú)縫隙。茂先癡佇視,望石再拜而去。
嬴氏焚書(shū)史,咸陽(yáng)火正熾。此中有全書(shū),并不遺只字。上溯書(shū)契前,結(jié)繩亦有記。鷂前視伏羲,已是其叔季。海外多名邦,九州一黑痣。讀書(shū)三十乘,千萬(wàn)中一二。方知余見(jiàn)小,春秋問(wèn)蛄蟪。石彭與鳧毛,所見(jiàn)同兒稚。欲入問(wèn)老人,路迷不得至;厥捉^壁間,荒蔓惟薜荔。懊恨一出門(mén),可望不可企。坐臥十年許,此中或開(kāi)示。
【注】①張茂先:名華,字茂先。西晉文學(xué)家。
【1】對(duì)下列句子中加點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)的解釋,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A.開(kāi)門(mén)肅茂先入 肅:恭敬的樣子。
B.茂先為停信宿而出 信宿:兩三天。
C.異日裹糧再訪 裹糧:攜帶糧食。
D.讀書(shū)三十乘 乘:車。
【2】下列各組句子中,加點(diǎn)詞的意義和用法不相同的一組是( )
A.茂先坐與論說(shuō) B.若二十年外書(shū)
而世又不與能死節(jié)者比 若望仆不相師
C.多所未聞 D.望石再拜而去
較秦之所得與戰(zhàn)勝而得者 畢禮而歸之
【3】下列對(duì)原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概括與賞析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )
A.在張茂先的自矜面前,老人“微笑”;當(dāng)張茂先提出“裹糧再訪”的請(qǐng)求時(shí),老人又笑而不答。兩“笑”之下,老人寬容、神秘的形象呼之欲出。
B.本文借一個(gè)充滿神異色彩的故事,揭示了山外有山、不可妄自尊大的道理;《桃花源記》則借虛構(gòu)桃源仙境寄托社會(huì)理想:兩文有異曲同工之妙。
C.本文敘事簡(jiǎn)練,描寫(xiě)細(xì)膩,結(jié)尾議及“嬴氏焚書(shū)史”,旨在批評(píng)秦王嬴政焚書(shū)坑儒,導(dǎo)致典籍損毀的行為,體現(xiàn)了“記”敘議結(jié)合的特征。
D.張岱行文善于渲染,筆墨傳神:說(shuō)老人,則有“枕書(shū)石上臥”;寫(xiě)福地,則有癡龍“守此二千年矣”。結(jié)尾用韻文的形式點(diǎn)明主旨,發(fā)人深思。
【4】把文中畫(huà)線的句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。
(1)茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果餉之,鮮潔非人世所有。
(2)方知余見(jiàn)小,春秋問(wèn)蛄蟪。
【5】用“/”給下面的文段斷句。
進(jìn)言者皆曰天下已安已治矣臣獨(dú)以為未也曰安且治者非愚則諛皆非事實(shí)知治亂之體者也夫抱石厝之積薪之下而寢其上火未及燃因謂之安方今之勢(shì)何以異此
(選自賈誼《治安策》)
【答案】
【1】A
【2】B
【3】C
【4】(1)張茂先感到茫然、失落。老人于是拿出酒菜果品給他吃,食物的鮮美潔凈不是人間能擁有的。
(2)(經(jīng)過(guò)此事)才知道我見(jiàn)識(shí)淺陋,就像夏生秋死(或“春生夏死”)的蟬不知道四季的轉(zhuǎn)換。
【5】進(jìn)言者皆曰//天下已安已治矣/臣獨(dú)以為未也/曰安且治者/非愚則諛/皆非事實(shí)知治亂之體者也/夫抱火厝之積薪之下而寢其上/火未及燃/因謂之安/方今之勢(shì)//何以異此
【解析】
【1】本題考查理解常見(jiàn)文言實(shí)詞在文中的含義。A項(xiàng),這里的“肅”雖有“恭敬”的意思,但不能譯為“的樣子”,而只能表示一種態(tài)度,應(yīng)譯為“恭敬地(請(qǐng)別人)”。
名師點(diǎn)睛
答題時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,注意通假字、詞類活用、古今異義、一詞多義等。具體可用雙代入法,即將各選項(xiàng)解釋代入語(yǔ)句,看是否說(shuō)得通,然后再將語(yǔ)句代入文中,看其同上下文語(yǔ)境是否吻合。要注意的是,只有兩者都吻合,才是正確的。
【2】本題考查理解常見(jiàn)文言虛詞在文中的意義和用法。B項(xiàng)的“若”,第一句做連詞,相當(dāng)于“至于、如果是”;第二句做動(dòng)詞,“好像”之意。A項(xiàng)的“與”都做介詞,相當(dāng)于“同”。C項(xiàng)的“所”都做助詞,同后面的動(dòng)詞組成名詞性“所”字短語(yǔ)。D項(xiàng)的“而”都做連詞,連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞性短語(yǔ)。
【3】本題考查歸納內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、概括中心意思。C項(xiàng),文章之所以議及秦始皇焚書(shū)之事,是為了說(shuō)明洞中所藏之書(shū)保存得完整,沒(méi)有只字遺漏,并沒(méi)有批評(píng)秦王的意思。
名師點(diǎn)睛
考查時(shí),本考點(diǎn)一般涉及以下幾點(diǎn):1.某個(gè)論點(diǎn)的依據(jù);2.某種現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)在本質(zhì);3.某件事發(fā)生的原因,某事件發(fā)展所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果;4.某個(gè)人的思想性格。設(shè)題陷阱一般有“曲解句意”“無(wú)中生有”“顛倒是非”“張冠李戴”等。
【4】本題考查理解并翻譯文中的句子。第(1)句中的“爽然”有“茫然、悵惘”之意; “餉之”即“給他吃”的意思。第(2)句中的 “見(jiàn)小”即見(jiàn)識(shí)淺陋;“春秋問(wèn)蛄蟪”典出《莊子·逍遙游》,可聯(lián)系作答。
【5】本題考查主觀型文言斷句。文段中“曰”“矣”“也”“者也”都是斷句的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ),其后可斷開(kāi);動(dòng)詞“寢”的處所是“其上”,其后應(yīng)斷句;動(dòng)詞“燃”和“安”之后都既無(wú)賓語(yǔ)也無(wú)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),后面應(yīng)斷句;“方今之勢(shì)”是“何以異此”的主語(yǔ),主謂之間應(yīng)斷句。
【參考譯文】
晉朝太康年間,張華擔(dān)任建安從事,在洞山游覽。順著小溪進(jìn)入深山,有一個(gè)老人枕著書(shū)躺在石板上,張華便同他談?wù)。看他頭枕著的書(shū),上面寫(xiě)的都是蝌蚪文,不能辨識(shí),張華感到很詫異。老人問(wèn)張華說(shuō):“您讀了多少書(shū)?”張華說(shuō):“我沒(méi)有讀過(guò)的書(shū)都是近二十年內(nèi)的新書(shū),如果是二十年以前的書(shū),我早就全部讀完了。”老人微笑著,拉著張華的手臂走到石壁下,忽然出現(xiàn)一道門(mén)可以走進(jìn)石壁,路徑比較寬,到了一個(gè)精致的屋舍,里邊裝了一萬(wàn)卷書(shū)。張華問(wèn)老人說(shuō):“這是些什么書(shū)?”老人說(shuō):“這是世上的歷史書(shū)。”又到了一個(gè)房間,里面收藏的書(shū)籍更加豐富。張華又問(wèn):“這里藏的什么書(shū)?”老人回答:“這是萬(wàn)國(guó)的歷史書(shū)。”后又到了一個(gè)密封的房間,門(mén)用堅(jiān)固的鎖鎖著,有兩只狗守在門(mén)前,門(mén)上印有大印,寫(xiě)著“瑯?gòu)指5?/span>”四個(gè)字。張華問(wèn)老人道:“這是什么地方?”老人說(shuō):“這里藏有玉京、紫微、金真、七瑛、丹書(shū)、秘籍。”老人指著兩只狗說(shuō):“這就是癡龍,在這里守了兩千年了。”老人開(kāi)門(mén)躬身揖請(qǐng)張華進(jìn)屋,張華看見(jiàn)這里收藏的書(shū),記錄的全都是秦漢以前以及海外諸國(guó)的事,很多都聞所未聞。比如《三墳》《九丘》《連山》《歸藏》《梼杌》《春秋》等書(shū)籍,也全都在這里。張華感到茫然、失落。老人于是拿出酒菜果品給他吃,食物鮮美潔凈不是人間能擁有的。張華因此在這里停留了兩三天才出來(lái),對(duì)老人說(shuō):“以后我?guī)еZ食再來(lái)拜訪,觀看全部書(shū)籍。”老人笑而不答,送張華出來(lái)。(張華)剛走出來(lái),石門(mén)忽然自己關(guān)閉了。張華回頭一看,只見(jiàn)雜草藤蘿,纏繞著生長(zhǎng)在石頭上,石板上苔蘚也是一整塊,一點(diǎn)縫隙都沒(méi)有。張華呆呆地注視著,朝著石板拜了兩拜才離開(kāi)。
秦始皇燒掉了諸子百家的書(shū)籍,咸陽(yáng)城中烈火正熊熊燃燒。這里卻有保存完整的書(shū)籍,連一個(gè)字都沒(méi)遺漏。上溯到書(shū)契之前,連結(jié)繩記事之時(shí)也有記載。(唐太宗)懷揣一只鷂子,連看伏羲都變成了叔季。海外有很多有名的城郭,它們多如牛毛就像九州里的一顆黑痣。讀書(shū)即使讀了三十車,也只能是千萬(wàn)分之一二。(經(jīng)過(guò)此事)才知道我見(jiàn)識(shí)淺陋,就像夏生秋死(或“春生夏死”)的蟬不知道四季的轉(zhuǎn)換。石彭和鳧毛,它們所見(jiàn)的就如同小孩一樣。想進(jìn)去問(wèn)問(wèn)老人,可是卻迷了路不能到達(dá);仡^看懸崖絕壁之間,只有瘋長(zhǎng)的滕蔓和薜荔。我懊悔遺憾,剛一出門(mén)就已經(jīng)是可望而不可即了。我坐著躺在這里十多年,也許這中間會(huì)開(kāi)門(mén)。
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答:
(2)針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)狀,請(qǐng)從社會(huì)和學(xué)校角度指出其產(chǎn)生的原因。(要求:字?jǐn)?shù)分別在10~20字)
①社會(huì): 。
②學(xué)校: 。
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【題目】【2015年高考新課標(biāo)I卷】下面進(jìn)中國(guó)郵政為保護(hù)地球水環(huán)境發(fā)行的郵票中的主體圖形,請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出構(gòu)圖要素,并說(shuō)明圖形寓意,要求語(yǔ)意簡(jiǎn)明,句子通順,不超過(guò)80個(gè)字。
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【題目】Is this a car? Is it a smart phone? Is it a gaming machine?
Yes to all three. The Toyota Fun-Vii is a pleasure palace on wheels.
If Toyota has its way, paint jobs could become a thing of the past, because it has introduced an amazing car that can change its whole look in an instant.
The Vii in Fun-Vii, which stands for “Vehicle,Interactive, Internet” It is a small three-seater car that looks like a smart phone, so it is called a smart phone on wheels.Inside and out, most aspects of the car can interact(互相作用) with the internet and be controlled by a smart phone.The magical car allows the owners to download pictures from their phones onto the outside, so that the look of the car could be changed instantly.The color inside could also be changed to reflect the owner’s mood.Just as the company president Akio Toyoda said, "A car must appeal to our emotions.If it’s not fun, it’s not a car."
Its outside and inside are not made of solid paint but touch screens that can display pictures and videos.A network update function downloads all the latest software to make sure the car is always up-to-date, and it can provide the latest entertainment as well as information about its surroundings to the driver.As you drive around, the thoughtful car allows you to communicate with your friends in the nearby cars.It also helps you find your way from one place to another. It’s all because the car is networked with all the other cars on the road and drives itself. The smart car is a practical, family sized vehicle fuelled by hydrogen, and it is one of the futuristic concept cars under the theme of "fun to drive, again".It heralds (預(yù)示) a not-too-distant future where people, cars and society are linked.
【1】Which of the following may not be a key word for the concept car?
A.Fun.
B.Interactive.
C.High-speed.
D.Smart.
【2】According to the text, Toyota Fun-Vii is _____.
A.a(chǎn) new concept car not powered by gas
B.a(chǎn)n amazing car without any pollution
C.the latest software from network
D.a(chǎn) gaming machine with high speed
【3】The owners of the Fun-Vii can reflect their mood by _____.
A.downloading images to change the outside
B.interacting with computers while driving
C.changing the color inside the car
D.changing the speed of the car
【4】What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A.The ways of driving the Fun-vii.
B.How can you find your way in the Fun-Vii.
C.The unusual look of the Fun-Vii.
D.The new functions of the Fun-Vii.
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答:________________________________________________________________________
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