已知函數(shù)f(x)=x2+ax-lnx,a∈R.
(Ⅰ)若a=0時(shí),求曲線y=f(x)在點(diǎn)(1,f(1))處的切線方程;
(Ⅱ)若函數(shù)f(x)在[1,2]上是減函數(shù),求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍;
(Ⅲ)令g(x)=f(x)-x2,是否存在實(shí)數(shù)a,當(dāng)x∈(0,e](e是自然常數(shù))時(shí),函數(shù)g(x)的最小值是3,若存在,求出a的值;若不存在,說(shuō)明理由.
分析:(I)欲求在點(diǎn)(1,f(1))處的切線方程,只須求出其斜率的值即可,故先利用導(dǎo)數(shù)求出在x=1處的導(dǎo)函數(shù)值,再結(jié)合導(dǎo)數(shù)的幾何意義即可求出切線的斜率.從而問(wèn)題解決.
(II)先對(duì)函數(shù)f(x)進(jìn)行求導(dǎo),根據(jù)函數(shù)f(x)在[1,2]上是減函數(shù)可得到其導(dǎo)函數(shù)在[1,2]上小于等于0應(yīng)該恒成立,再結(jié)合二次函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可求得a的范圍.
(III)先假設(shè)存在,然后對(duì)函數(shù)g(x)進(jìn)行求導(dǎo),再對(duì)a的值分情況討論函數(shù)g(x)在(0,e]上的單調(diào)性和最小值取得,可知當(dāng)a=e2能夠保證當(dāng)x∈(0,e]時(shí)g(x)有最小值3.
解答:解:(I)a=0時(shí),曲線y=f(x)=x
2-lnx,
∴f′(x)=2x-
,∴g′(1)=1,又f(1)=1
曲線y=f(x)在點(diǎn)(1,f(1))處的切線方程x-y=0.
(II)
f′(x)=2x+a-=≤0在[1,2]上恒成立,
令h(x)=2x
2+ax-1,有
得
,
得
a≤-(II)假設(shè)存在實(shí)數(shù)a,使g(x)=ax-lnx(x∈(0,e])有最小值3,
g′(x)=a-=
①當(dāng)a≤0時(shí),g(x)在(0,e]上單調(diào)遞減,g(x)
min=g(e)=ae-1=3,
a=(舍去),
②當(dāng)
0<<e時(shí),g(x)在
(0,)上單調(diào)遞減,在
(,e]上單調(diào)遞增
∴
g(x)min=g()=1+lna=3,a=e
2,滿足條件.
③當(dāng)
≥e時(shí),g(x)在(0,e]上單調(diào)遞減,g(x)
min=g(e)=ae-1=3,
a=(舍去),
綜上,存在實(shí)數(shù)a=e
2,使得當(dāng)x∈(0,e]時(shí)g(x)有最小值3.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查導(dǎo)數(shù)的運(yùn)算和函數(shù)的單調(diào)性與其導(dǎo)函數(shù)的正負(fù)之間的關(guān)系,當(dāng)導(dǎo)函數(shù)大于0時(shí)原函數(shù)單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)導(dǎo)函數(shù)小于0時(shí)原函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減.