如圖所示,兩根不計(jì)電阻的金屬導(dǎo)線MN與PQ 放在水平面內(nèi),MN是直導(dǎo)線,PQ的PQ1段是直導(dǎo)線,Q1Q2段是弧形導(dǎo)線,Q2Q3段是直導(dǎo)線,MN、PQ1、Q2Q3相互平行,M、P間接入一個(gè)阻值R=0.25Ω的電阻。一根質(zhì)量為1.0 kg不計(jì)電阻的金屬棒AB能在MN、PQ上無摩擦地滑動(dòng),金屬棒始終垂直于MN,整個(gè)裝置處于磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B=0.5T的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中,磁場(chǎng)方向豎直向下。金屬棒處于位置(I)時(shí),給金屬棒一個(gè)向右的速度v1=4 m/s,同時(shí)方向水平向右的外力F1 =3 N作用在金屬棒上使金屬棒向右做勻減速直線運(yùn)動(dòng);當(dāng)金屬棒運(yùn)動(dòng)到位置(Ⅱ)時(shí),外力方向不變,大小變?yōu)镕2,金屬棒向右做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),經(jīng)過時(shí)間t =2 s到達(dá)位置(Ⅲ)。金屬棒在位置(I)時(shí),與MN、Q1Q2相接觸于a、b兩點(diǎn),a、b的間距L1=1 m,金屬棒在位置(Ⅱ)時(shí),棒與MN、Q1Q2相接觸于c、d兩點(diǎn)。已知s1=7.5 m。求:(1)金屬棒向右勻減速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的加速度大小?
(2)c、d兩點(diǎn)間的距離L2=?
(3)外力F2的大小?
(4)金屬棒從位置(I)運(yùn)動(dòng)到位置(Ⅲ)的過程中,電阻R上放出的熱量Q=?
(1)金屬棒從位置(I)到位置(Ⅱ)的過程中,加速度不變,方向向左,設(shè)大小為a,在位置I時(shí),a、b間的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)為E1,感應(yīng)電流為I1,受到的安培力為F安1,則
E1=BL1 v1,,F安1···································①
F安1=4 N·································································②
根據(jù)牛頓第二定律得
F安1-F1 =ma·····························································③
a= 1 m / s2·································································④
(2)設(shè)金屬棒在位置(Ⅱ)時(shí)速度為v2,由運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)規(guī)律得
=-2a s1···························································⑤
v2= 1 m / s·································································⑥
由于在(I)和(II)之間做勻減速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),即加速度大小保持不變,外力F1恒定,所以AB棒受到的安培力不變即F安1=F安2
···························································⑦
m······················································⑧
(3)金屬棒從位置(Ⅱ)到位置(Ⅲ)的過程中,做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng),感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)大小與位置(Ⅱ)時(shí)的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)大小相等,安培力與位置(Ⅱ)時(shí)的安培力大小相等,所以
F2= F安2=4 N······························································⑨
(4) 設(shè)位置(II)和(Ⅲ)之間的距離為s2,則
s2= v2t=2 m ································································⑩
設(shè)從位置(I)到位置(Ⅱ)的過程中,外力做功為W1,從位置(Ⅱ)到位置(Ⅲ)的過程中,外力做功為W2,則
W1= F1 s1=22.5 J ···························································11
W2= F2 s2=8 J······························································12
根據(jù)能量守恒得W1+ W2·······························13·
解得Q = 38 J ·····························································14
略
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