Question

【題目】Particulate Matter

There are things floating around in the air. Most of them, you can not even see. They are a kind of air pollution called particles or particulate matter. In fact, particulate matter may be the air pollutant that most commonly affects people’s health.

Have a Look.

Particles can come in almost any shape or size, and can be solid particles or liquid droplets.【1】 These two groups differ in many ways. One of the differences is size, we call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5.

BIG.

The big particles are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (from about 25 to 100 times thinner than a human hair). These particles are called PM 10 (we say ―PM ten, which stands for Particulate Matter up to 10 micrometers in size).【2】

SMALL.

The small particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (100 times thinner than a human hair).【3】We say ―PM two point five, as in Particulate Matter up to 2.5 micrometers in size.The smaller particles are lighter and they stay in the air longer and travel farther. PM 10 particles can stay in the air for minutes or hours while PM 2.5 particles can stay in the air for days or weeks.And travel? 【4】 PM 2.5 particles go even farther; many hundreds of miles.

Particulate Matter and Your Health.

When you breathe, you take in the air along with any particles in the air, like heavy metal sand cancer causing organic compounds. Both PM 10 and PM 2.5 particles can cause health problems, specifically respiratory (呼吸的) health.【5】 Exposure to particulate matter leads to increased use of medication and more visits to the doctor or emergency room.

A.These particles are called PM 2.5.

B.We divide particles into two major groups.

C.These particles cause less severe health effects.

D.PM 10 particles can travel as much as 30 miles.

E.Air pollution is a growing problem in the whole world.

F.PM 2.5 can have worse health effects than the bigger PM 10.

G.Air pollutants have great effects on our environment and our health.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【5】F

【解析】

本文為說明文。大氣中有很多懸浮顆粒物，從大小上可以分為PM 10和PM 2.5，它們不但造成大氣污染，而且還影響人們的身體健康。文章主要對顆粒物的分類及特點進行了介紹。

【1】考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力�？崭窈竺妗�These two groups differ in many ways. One of the differences is size, we call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5.”這兩個群體在許多方面都不同。其中一個區(qū)別是大小，我們稱較大的顆粒為pm10，稱較小的顆粒為pm2.5�？芍�，我們可以把這些顆粒分為the bigger和the smaller兩類。分析選項可知B項 We divide particles into two major groups（我們把粒子分成兩大類）意義一致，而且有詞（two groups）復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選B。

【2】考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力�？崭袂疤岬搅�PM 10的相關(guān)知識，后面理所當(dāng)然應(yīng)提到它對人類健康的影響，且在第一段就已經(jīng)提到了顆粒物會對人類的健康造成影響，所以答案C項These particles cause less severe health effects（這些微粒對健康的影響較�。┓�合題意，故選C。

【3】考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)Have a look下面一段最后一句“we call the smaller particles PM 2.5（稱較小的顆粒為pm2.5）”，結(jié)合空格前的“The small particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers” 這些小顆粒小于2.5微米。可知這些小于2.5微米的叫做PM2.5�？赏茢喑�A項These particles are called PM 2.5.（這些粒子叫做PM 2.5）是 符合題意的，故選A。

【4】考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力�？崭袂疤岬�And travel? 空格后面PM 2.5 particles go even farther; many hundreds of miles（PM 2.5粒子甚至走得更遠；數(shù)百英里），even farther含比較的意思，綜合看可知，空格處應(yīng)該是提到PM 10可以漂浮到多遠。分析選項可知D. PM 10 particles can travel as much as 30 miles（ PM 10粒子的行程可達30英里）符合題意，故選D。

【5】考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。前文提到“The smaller particles are lighter and they stay in the air longer and travel farther”更小的顆粒更輕，它們在空氣中停留的時間更長，移動的距離更遠。而本段小標(biāo)題為Particulate Matter and Your Health可知本段談顆粒對人類健康造成影響，以及空格后“Exposure to particulate matter leads to increased use of medication and more visits to the doctor or emergency room.”暴露在顆粒物中會導(dǎo)致用藥增加，去看醫(yī)生或急診室的次數(shù)增加。既然小顆粒在空中呆的時間更長，飄的更遠，自然危害更大。分析選項可知，F選項PM 2.5 can have worse health effects than the bigger PM 10. （PM 2.5對健康的影響比較大的PM 10）更嚴重，符合題意，故選F。