Question

【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

What elements pop up in your mind when you think of scientists? A pair of glasses, or a few wrinkles on the forehead? And do you think of a man, or a woman?

Well, as recently reported by BBC News, children in the US 【1】 women with scientists more than in previous decades, according to a new study.

“Draw a scientist” is an open-ended test designed to investigate children’s 【2】 of a typical scientist, and has been conducted by sociologists in various studies since the 1960s. After it began, a singular theme 【3】: most of the scientists drawn were men.

In the 1960s and 1970s, less than one percent of children drew a woman when asked to draw a scientist. But now, the number has risen to as high as 28 percent, given the fact that women’s 【4】 in the scientific workforce has improved significantly.

Jocelyn Steinke, a professor at Western Michigan University in the US, told the Washington Post “the study is important because it shows that children’s gender stereotypes(成見) of scientists have 【5】 over the past five decades in the United States.”

However, children are still far more likely to draw a(n)【6】 male figure when asked to draw a scientist. As found in the study, girls draw on 【7】 58 percent of scientists as men, with boys drawing 96 percent.

“The fact that children are still drawing more male than female scientists reflects their environment. Given the under-representation of women we observe in several science fields, we shouldn’t expect equal numbers. But 【8】, we can see that children’s stereotypes change over time,” David Miller, the study’s lead author, told BBC news.

The author of the study suggested that media stereotypes play a 【9】 role in children’s views of scientists as they get older. For example, children may determine 【10】 characteristics of a scientist based on certain aspects they see in the media, including a scientist’s sex or what they wear.

Meanwhile, as the Washington Post noted, gender stereotypes “exist across other professions”. For example, when asked to draw a teacher in another study, only 25 percent children in one study drew a man.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】G

【3】E

【4】H

【5】C

【6】K

【7】B

【8】F

【9】I

【10】D

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。文章引用了近期的一項(xiàng)研究，指出現(xiàn)在的孩子們在逐漸改變多年積累的對于科學(xué)家印象中的性別成見。

【1】

考查固定短語。句意：比起過去十年，美國孩子們更容易把科學(xué)家形象和女性聯(lián)系起來。與上一段提問人們對于科學(xué)家的性別印象呼應(yīng)，這里指現(xiàn)在的孩子們更容易認(rèn)為科學(xué)家是女性，associate sb. with意為“將某人與……聯(lián)系起來”。故選A項(xiàng)。

【2】

考查名詞。句意：“描繪科學(xué)家”是一個(gè)開放式的測試，用于調(diào)查孩子們對于科學(xué)家的印象�？瞻滋幹糜诿�詞所有格，后需要一個(gè)名詞，根據(jù)draw a scientist推斷，應(yīng)該是讓孩子們根據(jù)自己對科學(xué)家的印象進(jìn)行描述。故選G項(xiàng)。

【3】

考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在那之后，一個(gè)顯著的主題出現(xiàn)了：大多數(shù)描繪出的科學(xué)家都是男性形象。這里表示的是上世紀(jì)60年代測試剛出來時(shí)呈現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，emerge意為“出現(xiàn)，顯露”。故選E項(xiàng)。

【4】

考查名詞。句意：表明一個(gè)事實(shí)，也就是女性在科學(xué)力量中代表的比重顯著提升了�？瞻滋幹糜诿�詞所有格后需要一個(gè)名詞，這里要表達(dá)的就是隨著時(shí)代變遷，女性代表的力量和地位都提升了，representation意為“代表”。故選H項(xiàng)。

【5】

考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這表明在美國孩子們對于科學(xué)家的性別成見在過去的50年里是不斷減少的。與前文研究得出的結(jié)論一致，這種性別偏見的情況確實(shí)在減少，decrease意為“減少，降低”。故選C項(xiàng)。

【6】

考查副詞。句意：然而，孩子們在被要求描繪科學(xué)家時(shí)還是更有可能描繪出一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的男性形象�？瞻滋幮枰�一個(gè)副詞修飾形容詞male，與第一段的描述以及前文typical一詞對應(yīng)，都指一種典型的、刻板的印象。故選K項(xiàng)。

【7】

考查形容詞。句意：研究表明，女孩子中平均58%的人描繪出的科學(xué)家是男性形象，男孩子中則高達(dá)96%。這里描述的是數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)情況，average意為“平均的”，符合嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕y(tǒng)計(jì)語言。故選B項(xiàng)。

【8】

考查副詞。句意：但是令人欣慰的是，我們能看到孩子們的性別成見正在隨著時(shí)間發(fā)生改變。這里空白處需要一個(gè)副詞作狀語，修飾后面整個(gè)句子，而后句描述的情況顯然是比較正向、讓人感到鼓舞的，encouragingly意為“鼓勵(lì)地，勉勵(lì)人地”，符合文意。故選F項(xiàng)。

【9】

考查形容詞。句意：媒體的成見在孩子們的成長過程中，對他們對科學(xué)家的印象有著非常重要的影響。play a role意為“扮演角色，起作用”，文段的描述顯然指媒體的作用是比較顯著的，significant意為“顯著的，重要的”。故選I項(xiàng)。

【10】

考查形容詞。句意：比如說，孩子們可能會(huì)根據(jù)他們在電視上看到的某些方面，來決定一個(gè)科學(xué)家應(yīng)有的具體特征。這里需要一個(gè)形容詞修飾characteristics，句意上應(yīng)該指孩子們會(huì)受媒體影響，在腦中固化科學(xué)家的具體形象，detailed意為“細(xì)節(jié)的，具體的”。故選D項(xiàng)。