The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
　　Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
　　The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is very positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
　　In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
　　Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
　　The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
【小題1】What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

A．It has produced positive results.
B．It is a highly profitable industry.
C．It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
D．It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
【小題2】 What does the word “underline” mean (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A．point outB．lay emphasis onC．pay no attention toD．take for granted
【小題3】Which of the following is TRUE about the Canadian researchers’ study?
A．Encouraging positive thinking many do more good than harm.
B．Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood.
C．There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
D．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
【小題4】What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
B．People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
C．Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.


【小題1】C
【小題1】B
【小題1】D
【小題1】A

解析

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At the age of 11, Peter Lynch started caddying(當球童) at Brae Burn Country Club in Newton, Mass. “It was better than a newspaper carrier, and much more profitable,” the Fidelity vice chairman recalls. He kept it up during the summers for almost a decade. “You get to know the course and can give the golf players advice about how to approach various holes,” he says. “Where else, at age 15 or 16, can you serve as a trusted adviser to high-powered people?”

One of those people was George Sullivan, then president of Fidelity’s funds, who was so impressed with Lynch’s smarts that he hired him in 1966. “There were about 75 applicants for 3 job openings,” Lynch says now. “But I was the only one who had caddied for the president for 10 years.”

In between caddying and managing money, Lynch went to Boston College on a scholarship from a program called the Francis Ouimet Fund. Named after the 1913 winner of the U.S. Open, the fund launched in 1949 which is open to Massachusetts kids only. Ouimet executive director Robert Donovan says, “Help with college is a logical extension of friendly relation between golfers and their favorite caddies, because there is a close tie to train up them to be excellent that happens between the players and the kids who carry their golf poles. And for the teens, caddying is all about being around successful role models.”

It is obvious that caddies who are finally successful include all kinds of outstanding personnel, from actor Bill Murray, to New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, to former GE chairman and CEO Jack Welch.

Of course, the great number of financial giants who caddied in their youth might be coincidence, but Dick Connolly thinks not. “Caddying life teaches you a lot about business, and about life,” he says. “You learn to show up early and look people in the eye when you shake their hand, and you learn how to read people -- including who’s likely to cheat and who isn’t.” Connolly is a longtime investment advisor at Morgan Stanley’s Boston office, a former Ouimet scholarship student and, along with Peter Lynch and Roger Altman, one of the program’s biggest supporters. He wants to share the most important lesson he learned on the links, so he says: “One golfer I caddied for told me that if you want to succeed in any field -- golf or business -- you have to spend a lot of lonely hours, either practicing or working, when you’d rather be partying with your friends. That’s true, and it stuck with me.”

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A. He could have a relaxing job as a caddie.

B. He could make more money from the golf players.　　

C. His duty was to advise the players how to play golf.

D. His caddying experiences contributed to his later career.

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A. Because of the advice from the rich golf players.

B. Because of those giants with caddying experiences.

C. Because of the great success the caddies have achieved.

D. Because of the friendly relation between golfers and their caddies.

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A. helps you learn to live with loneliness

B. teaches you a lot about business and life

C. makes it possible to meet with great people

D. offers you chances to communicate with others

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A. Legend of Peter Lynch.

B. An introduction of Golf Caddying.

C. Golf Caddying into Future Success.

D. Five Giants with Caddying Experiences.

 

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3.                A．close          B．near           C．hard D．firm

 

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5.                A．get            B．stretch         C．hold D．reach

 

6.                A．stare           B．glance          C．observe  D．glare

 

7.                A．come up with    B．put forward      C．set up    D．pull through

 

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9.                A．suitable        B．matching        C．fancy D．exaggerating（夸張的）

 

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14.               A．terrified        B．exhausted      C．sound D．cautious

 

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⒎ A. or    B. because       C. and       D. but

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6．A．promises              B．dreams                  C．journeys             D．businesses

7．A．What                   B．As                        C．So                     D．That

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At the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, the sports of canoe (劃船) racing was added to the list of international competition. The 1team in the four-man canoe race was the United States team. One member of that team was a young man named Bill Havens.
As the time for the Olympics 2, it became clear that Bill’s wife would give birth to their first child at about the 3that the U.S. team would be competing in the Pairs games. In 1924 there were no planes form Paris to the United States, only 4ships. Bill found himself in a dilemma (左右為難的困境).
Bill’s wife insisted that he go to Paris. 5, competing in the Olympics was a lifelong dream. But Bill felt 6and, after much soul-searching, decided to remain home, where he could 7his wife when the child arrived. He considered being at her 8his highest priority (優(yōu)先考慮的事), even higher than going to Paris to fulfill his 9.
The team won the gold medal in Paris. And Bill’s wife was 10 in giving birth to their child. 11, Bill could have competed in the event and returned home 12to be with he when she gave birth.
People said, “What a shame!” But Bill said he had no 13. For the rest of his life, he 14he had made the better decision.
Bill Havens knew what was most important to him. Not everybody 15that out. Not everybody has the strength to say no to something he or she truly 16 in order to say yes to something that truly 17. Peace begins to 18our lives when we learn to say yes to the things that really matter.
Twenty eight years later, Bill 19 a telegram. It was from Finland, where the 1952 Olympics were being held. The telegram read, “Dad, I won. I’m bringing home the gold medal you 20while waiting for me to be born.”

  1. 1.
    1. A.
      new
    2. B.
      favorite
    3. C.
      special
    4. D.
      weak
  2. 2.
    1. A.
      arrived
    2. B.
      passed
    3. C.
      neared
    4. D.
      ended
  3. 3.
    1. A.
      moment
    2. B.
      opportunity
    3. C.
      time
    4. D.
      promise
  4. 4.
    1. A.
      fast
    2. B.
      old
    3. C.
      small
    4. D.
      slow
  5. 5.
    1. A.
      In all
    2. B.
      After all
    3. C.
      As a result
    4. D.
      As usual
  6. 6.
    1. A.
      honored
    2. B.
      worried
    3. C.
      conflicted
    4. D.
      delighted
  7. 7.
    1. A.
      persuade
    2. B.
      accompany
    3. C.
      support
    4. D.
      satisfy
  8. 8.
    1. A.
      place
    2. B.
      side
    3. C.
      door
    4. D.
      mercy
  9. 9.
    1. A.
      duty
    2. B.
      promise
    3. C.
      dream
    4. D.
      demand
  10. 10.
    1. A.
      favoring
    2. B.
      successful
    3. C.
      safe
    4. D.
      late
  11. 11.
    1. A.
      In addition
    2. B.
      For example
    3. C.
      In fact
    4. D.
      At last
  12. 12.
    1. A.
      on time
    2. B.
      in time
    3. C.
      on purpose
    4. D.
      in need
  13. 13.
    1. A.
      judgments
    2. B.
      excuse
    3. C.
      choices
    4. D.
      regrets
  14. 14.
    1. A.
      believed
    2. B.
      wished
    3. C.
      wondered
    4. D.
      proved
  15. 15.
    1. A.
      puts
    2. B.
      takes
    3. C.
      figures
    4. D.
      gives
  16. 16.
    1. A.
      trusts
    2. B.
      wants
    3. C.
      understands
    4. D.
      respects
  17. 17.
    1. A.
      matters
    2. B.
      happens
    3. C.
      appears
    4. D.
      continues
  18. 18.
    1. A.
      turn into
    2. B.
      look into
    3. C.
      settle on
    4. D.
      rely on
  19. 19.
    1. A.
      discovered
    2. B.
      wrote
    3. C.
      sent
    4. D.
      received
  20. 20.
    1. A.
      grasped
    2. B.
      offered
    3. C.
      took
    4. D.
      lost

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