Your chair is your enemy. That is the conclusion of several recent studies. Among people who sit in front of the television for more than three hours each day, those who exercise are as fat as those who don’t.
So what’s wrong with sitting? The answer seems to have two parts. The first is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do. Compared to sitting, standing in one place is hard work. To stand, you have to tense your leg muscles, and engage the muscles of your back and shoulders; while standing, you often shift from leg to leg. All of this burns energy.
You may think you have no choice about how much you sit. But this isn’t true. Suppose you sleep for eight hours each day, and exercise for one. That still leaves 15 hours of activities. Even if you exercise, most of the energy you burn will be burnt during these 15 hours, so weight gain is often the cumulative(累積的) effect of a series of small decisions: Do you take the stairs or the elevator? Do you walk to the corner store, or drive?
But it looks as though there’s a more sinister aspect to sitting. Some evidence suggests that when you spend long periods sitting, your body actually does things that are bad for you.
Lipoprotein lipase(蛋白脂酶) is a molecule that plays a central role in how the body processes fats. Low levels of lipoprotein lipase are associated with a variety of health problems. Studies in rats show that leg muscles only produce this molecule when they are actively being moved. The result is that when you sit, an important part of your metabolism(新陳代謝) slows down. You may also have a higher risk of suffering from diabetes(糖尿病).
Some people have advanced radical solutions to the sitting syndrome(綜合癥): replace your sit-down desk with a stand-up desk, or watch television in a rocking chair. But whatever you choose, know this. The data is clear; look out for your chair.
小題1:What would be the best title of this passage?
A．Become an Athlete to Be Healthy.
B．Choose a Better Chair for You.
C．How to Speed Up Your Metabolism.
D．Stand Up While You Read This.
小題2:Paragraphs 2 and 3 tell us that         .
A．taking too much exercise harms people’s health
B．sitting a lot reduces the benefits of taking exercise
C．people needn’t depend on exercise to keep healthy
D．healthy people are those who sit less and stand more
小題3:Which of the following is the best advice on how to control our weight?
A．Exercising at least an hour a day.
B．Standing as long as possible.
C．Using our energy actively in daily life.
D．watching TV in a rocking chair.
小題4:The author mentions lipoprotein lipase mainly to          .
A．show that it plays a big part in keeping us healthy
B．tell us that it isn’t produced while we are sitting
C．suggest that we should take less exercise to be healthy
D．prove sitting for long is bad for our body

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A Concussion（腦震蕩） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed（使遭受） to radiation this way．
A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.
The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.
The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:
·Normal mental activity.
·No swelling in the back of the head.
·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (頭骨)
·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.
Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.
For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar —— except there should be no l vomiting（嘔吐）and no severe headache.
Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.
It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play.
小題1:The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans
A．were likely to suffer brain injuries
B．wouldn’t have normal mental activity
C．would lose consciousness now and then
D．were likely to develop canter
小題2:How many aspects should doctors consider when deciding whether a child under two needs a CT scan?        
A．Four．B．Six．C．Seven．D．Nine．
小題3:What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．
B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．
C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．
D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．
小題4:The author of the passage mainly___．
A．describes the risks of brain injuries
B．suggests CT scans are of practical use
C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests
D．a(chǎn)rgues against new guidelines for concussions

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you want to increase your vocabulary, the best way to do it might be to pick up a guitar, or learn the violin. A new study shows that learning to play a musical instrument makes the brain more able to remember words.
“Grown-ups with music training in their childhood can have better memory for words,” said Dr Agnes Chan of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, who did the research. “They can remember things that you tell them better than those who did not have music training when they were young.”
It seems that one can remember spoken words because his brain has a special part. “That part of the brain is larger in musicians than in non-musicians,” Dr Chan told BBC. “If that part of the brain is larger, it may be better developed and so this explains very nicely our results.”
Dr Chan and her workmates came to their conclusion after studying students. Their research is reported in the latest edition of the journal(雜志) Nature. “We did the experiment with 60 girl college students from our university and 30 of them have at least six years training with one western musical instrument (such as the violin and the piano) before the age of 12. The other 30 had received no music training. We tested their memory by reading them some words and asking them to remember these words—a very common test for memory. We found that people who have had music training can remember about 70% more information than those who have not had any music training.”
Dr Chan thinks the process(過程) of learning is more important than the actual instrument used. She also believes if one is able to remember words through learning to play instruments, he or she could have some very real benefits. Dr Chan thinks this could be developed into a medical way for patients who are suffering from memory loss.
小題1: According to the writer, learning to play a musical instrument helps to ______.
A．get more knowledge
B．live more happily
C．remember more words
D．make one become a musician
小題2:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Dr Chan thinks people should have music training when they grow up.
B．Dr Chan thinks the special part of the brain doesn’t need developing.
C．Dr Chan thinks people should have music training when they are young.
D．Dr Chan thinks musicians have a larger brain than non-musicians.
小題3:How many students took part in Dr Chan’s research?
A．30 girl students.B．60 girl students.
C．17% of his students.D．60 girl and boy students.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives, which we eat, are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
61. What is the best possible title of the passage?
A. Drug and Food   B. Cancer and Health   C. Food and Health   D. Health and Drug 
62. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons
B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals
C. Researchers have known about the potential dangers of additives for over thirty---- five years.
D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.
63. How has science done something harmful to mankind?
A. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food have been virtually eliminated.
B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
C. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.
D. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.
64. What are nitrates used for?
A. They preserve flavor in packaged food.     B. They preserve the color of meats
C. They are the objects of research.         D. They cause the animals to become fatter.
65. The word “carcinogenic” most nearly means _________________
A. trouble–making  B. color– retaining C. money –making  D. cancer–causing

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What is TOVIAZ?
TOVIAZ is a medicine used in adults to treat the symptoms of a condition called overactive bladder（膀胱）.
Who is TOVIAZ for?
Adults 18 years older with symptoms of overactive bladder.
Don’t take TOVIAZ if you:
★ Your stomach empties slowly.
★ Have eye problems.
★ Are allergic to any ingredients of TOVIAZ.
Possible side effects of TOVIAZ
★ Dry mouth.
★ Constipation
★ Dry eyes.
★ Trouble empting the bladder
These aren’t all possible side effects of TOVIAZ. For a complete list, ask your doctor.
How to take TOVIAZ:
★ Your doctor may give you the lower 4mg dose of TOVIAZ if you have severe kidney problem.
★ Take TOVIAZ with liquid and swallow the tablet whole. Do not chew, divide or crush the tablet.
★ You can take TOVIAZ with or without food.
★ If you miss a dose of TOVIAZ, start taking it again the next day.
Things you should keep in mind when taking TOVIAZ:
★ Decreased sweating and severe heat illness can occur when medicines such as TOVIAZ are used in hot environments.
★ Drinking alcohol while taking TOVIAZ may cause increased sleepiness.
小題1:
What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To show the importance of taking proper medicine.
B．To present a report on a scientific research.
C．To give information about a kind of medicine.
D．To teach patients ways of recovery from illness.
小題2:
The main function of TOVIAZ is to treat__________.
A．kidney problem
B．stomach problem
C．dry mouth or eyes
D．overactive bladder
小題3:
What can be inferred from the passage?
A．There are only four possible side effects of TOVIAZ.
B．It’s suggested that TOVIAZ be used for adults 18 years older.
C．Don’t take TOVIAZ if you are allergic to its ingredient.
D．You may feel excited while eating TOVIAZ with alcohol.
小題4:
Which of the statements about taking TOVIAZ is TRUE?
A．If you miss a dose of, do take it right away on the same day.
B．It’s OK to take it with food or without food.
C．Chew the tablet well before you swallow it.
D．Use TOVIAZ in hot environment to cure heat illness.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you have to miss one meal a day, which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you don’t eat it? If they have to make a decision of this type, most people (especially very busy people) will choose to skip (not to eat) breakfast.
However, many experts in the field of health consider breakfast (the meal which “breaks” your “fast---- a period of time without eating anything ” which started the night before) to be the most important meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, they say, we will have the energy and nutrients we need to begin our working day with vigor and hopefully with good humour. But many people skip breakfast or replace it with snacks or a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal. What happens if we ignore the importance of breakfast?
One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people. Participants included both males and females who ranged in age from 12—83. During the experiment, these people were given a variety of breakfasts, and sometimes, they had to skip breakfast completely. Special tests, including blood tests and endurance tests, were set up to analyze how well the participants’ bodies functioned when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast.
The result showed that if a person eats an adequate (充足的) breakfast, he or she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she skips breakfasts or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person’s work involves mental activity. The study showed that if schoolchildren eat fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast diet is inadequate .
The study also showed that, contrary to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing. So remember, if you are on a diet, skipping breakfast will not help you. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.
小題1:According to the passage, we can safely say _____.
A．if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight at all
B．if you skip breakfast, you won’t eat much for lunch either.
C．skipping breakfast won’t do a bit of harm
D．skipping breakfast will help one lose weight
小題2:In the word “breakfast”, “fast” probably means _____.
A．“moving quickly”B．“going without food ”
C．“unlikely to go fast”D．“fast food ”
小題3:Special tests were organized to analyze how participants’ bodies functioned when ______.
A．they had skipped breakfasts B．they had had breakfasts
C．they had eaten special breakfasts D．they had had all three meals

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you give something to someone for free, will that person value it and use it? Development experts have debated this question for decades. Some think the act of paying causes people to value something and use it more.
Selling necessary health treatments, others argue, may deny them to the people who need them the most.
Consider, for example, chemically treated bed nets, which kill mosquitoes anti protect people against malaria(瘧疾)while they are sleeping. William Easterly, an economist at New York University, believes this is one example of development having gone wrong. In a recent book, Professor Easterly suggests bed nets given free in Africa are often used for the wrong purpose. Yet, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bed nets be given out free and used by whole communities. The success of a large free bed net campaign in Kenya led the WHO to announce this recommendation
This debate will likely influence social programs in the developing world. Many non-governmental organizations support the creation of self-supporting programs in poor countries. Goods and services are sold for a price to help these programs survive.
According to Rachel Glenerster, who runs a research lab doing development and poverty studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, her several studies have proven that small price changes have a big influence on the number of people who use a product. A price change will reduce the total amount of use of the product as well, she says. She has also found no evidence that the very act of paying for something changes how people use it.
As for a particular product among special populations, some development experts argue that pricing is useful. When it comes to bed nets, Miss Glenerster says research shows no evidence of this. People are just as likely to use a bed net whether they paid for it or not.
小題1: The debate among experts focuses on      .
A．a(chǎn) special use of bed nets in Africa
B．the use of assistance-related products
C．the importance of social programs for the poor
D．a(chǎn) popular way to help the poor
小題2: According to some experts, certain health treatments       .
A．can only be sold to the richB．should be completely free
C．a(chǎn)re too expensiveD．a(chǎn)re not needed by the poor
小題3:What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．The WHO's advice may not be always practical.
B．Many Africans don't know the function of bed nets.
C．The case of Kenya is doubtful.
D．Bed nets given to Africans are poor in quality.
小題4: What may be the possible change in the social program according to the third paragraph?
A．Some of them may become financially independent.
B．Many of them will not be organized by the government.
C．Some of them will go to developed countries.
D．Most of them will be free of charge.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is a joke among flu researchers: “If you've seen one flu season, you've seen one flu season.” The joke is about the unpredictable nature of the flu virus. Every year it looks different, and every strain (類型) follows its own pattern — it's the reason why new strains like H1N1 are extremely difficult to predict.
Dr. Michael Osterholm is a former adviser to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “I know less about influenza today than I did 10 years ago,” he says in a joking way. “Every stone we've turned over, we get more questions.”
The flu rectums every season and the world experiences terrible pandemics (全國或全世界范圍流行的疾病), but researchers still do not understand why some strains infect people and others do not; they are not entirely sure about how the flu is transmitted; nor do they understand why some patients become seriously ill while others develop mild symptoms (癥狀). As a result, when a new strain shows up — like H1N1 — they often have little information to fall back on, and the lessons of previous pandemics are only somewhat helpful. While researchers are still putting together a complete picture of H1N1, for example, its most striking difference with the seasonal flu is that the elder1y are not the most vulnerable (易受攻擊的) population.
Influenza's unpredictable nature makes it a moving target for researchers, says researcher Allison Aiello at the University of Michigan. “Even if we had complete seasonal flu data from the past, it wouldn't be much helpful for a new strain of influenza,” she explains.
Whi1e researchers are frustrated by the holes in their knowledge, they say, however, that the pub1ic--health community is generally doing a very good job responding to H1N1 with seasonal flu data that do exist. Studying influenza, says Osterholm, is “l(fā)ike looking through the windows of a house you can't get into because the door is locked.” Gathering the data researchers do have is like “l(fā)ooking through the windows to get a pretty good picture of what the inside looks like.”
One thing researchers do know for sure: the best way for people to protect against H1N1 is to get the vaccine once it becomes available to them.
小題1:What do we learn about H1N1 from the passage?
A．In fact it is not a kind of influenza virus.
B．It is quite possible to predict it in theory.
C．Old people are more likely to contract it than kids.
D．Receiving vaccines will be effective to protect against it.
小題2: The underlined phrase “fall back on” in Para. 3 probably means      .
A．rely onB．pass onC．col1ect D．exchange
小題3: What do we know about previous seasonal flu data?
A．It is useless to study them.
B．It is still necessary to study them.
C．They are misleading most of the time.
D．They are much more helpful than expected.
小題4:Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A．Outbreaks of the fluB．Symptoms of the flu
C．Mysteries of the fluD．Risks of the flu

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


IV、閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，共40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項。
Perhaps you do not know it, but there is something wonderful at your fingertips. You can make people happier, healthier and more hard-working just by touching their arms or holding their hands.
Doctors say that body contact(接觸) is a kind of medicine that can work wonders. When people are touched, the quantity of hemoglobin (血紅蛋白) — a type of matter that produces the red color in blood increases greatly. This results in more oxygen (氧氣) reaching every part of the body and the whole body benefits. In experiments, bottle-fed baby monkeys were separated from their mothers for the first ten days of life. They became sad and negative. Studies showed the baby monkeys were more probable to become ill than other babies that were allowed to stay with their mothers.
Human babies react (反應(yīng)) in much the same way. Some years ago, a scientist noticed that some well-fed babies in a clean nursery (托兒所) became weak. Yet babies in another nursery were growing healthily, even though they ate less well and were not kept as clean. The reason, he concluded, was that they often had touches from nurses.
Experiments show that most people like being touched. And nearly all doctors believe touch helps to reduce patients' fear of treatment. Of course there is time when a touch is not welcome. But even if we don’t like being touched, a smile can make us feel better. Smiling increases blood flow and starts the production of “happy brain” chemicals.
So let’s have a big smile and don’t forget to keep in touch.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People may not understand the importance of touching.
B. People may work harder because of body contact.
C. Your fingertips can do something wonderful.
D. Everyone knows that body contact can make people happier.
2. According to the passage, ______.
A. not all the people like being touched
B. touches from doctors and nurses have nothing to do with treatment
C. new-born baby monkeys should stay away from their mothers
D. human brains need oxygen and blood supply now and then
3. The word “benefits” in the second paragraph probably means ______.
A. to be useful or helpful    B. to get something useful or helpful   C. to be ill     D. to be hurt
4. The best title for the passage might be ______.
A. Why People Touch      B. Smile and Touch C. Wonders of Touch    D. Touch or Not

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