Dutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a dinner where everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. If people go “Dutch treat”, or simply “go Dutch”, it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement.

   There are many other “Dutch” expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used “Dutch” to refer to something bad, cheap and shameful. A “Dutch bargain” at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; “Dutch reckoning” was an unitemized(未逐條記載的) account; and “Dutch widow” was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in “Dutch courage”, for bravery caused by drink; “Dutch concert”, for noisy music; “Dutch nightingale”, meaning a frog; and “double Dutch”, for incomprehensible language or talk.

   Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some “Dutch” expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with the German. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “Dutch” and “Deutsch” (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, “the Pennsylvania Dutch” refers to the German descendants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania.

1.Many of the “Dutch” expressions were invented with negative sense, because ___________.

A. The Dutch were underdeveloped people.

B. Britain and Holland were competitors at that time.

C. The Dutch had many bad habits.

D. The British were superior to the Dutch.

2. With the information you get from Paragraph 2, make a guess at the meaning of the sentence “You are in Dutch”. It probably means ____________ .

A.You are in Holland.                                              B. You are welcome.

C. You are in trouble.                                              D. You are lucky.

3.According to the passage, some native American “Dutch” expressions were related to the German instead of the Dutch, simply because ______________.

A. People hated the German as much as the Dutch.

B. People made a mistake at the beginning.

C. People made a joke about the German.

D. The German immigrants proclaimed that they were Dutch.

 

【答案】

 

1.B

2.C

3.B

【解析】

試題分析：Dutch treat是十九世紀(jì)后期的術(shù)語，它原本是指每個人都預(yù)期支付他自己份額的食品和飲料的一頓晚餐。如果人們?nèi)utch treat，或簡單地“go Dutch”，這意味著他們將分享參與某一個社會活動的費(fèi)用。有很多其他含Dutch的英語習(xí)語，其中許多被發(fā)明了在英國在十七世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時荷蘭人和英語是商業(yè)和軍事競爭對手。英語中用Dutch指壞、 廉價和可恥的東西。 一些表達(dá)今天仍在使用。事實上，在美國英語中，含有Dutch的習(xí)語與荷蘭人無關(guān)，但與德國相關(guān)。這大概是當(dāng)?shù)聡泼裨?18 世紀(jì)來到美國時，由于當(dāng)?shù)厝税袲utch和Deutsch (德語中德國人) 這兩個在拼寫和發(fā)音上很相似的詞弄混了。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問：許多發(fā)明的帶有“Dutch”的習(xí)語含有否定意義，因為什么？根據(jù)文中的the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. （當(dāng)時荷蘭人和英語是商業(yè)和軍事競爭對手。）可知，選 B。

2.推理判斷題。題干問：根據(jù)從第二段獲得的信息，猜一下You are in Dutch的意思。第二段介紹，英國人用" Dutch "指壞、 廉價和可恥的東西。，故選C。（你有麻煩了。）

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問：根據(jù)本段介紹，一些當(dāng)?shù)孛绹擞肈utch習(xí)語與德國人而不是荷蘭人有關(guān)。因為什么？根據(jù)最后一段的解釋可知，在18世紀(jì)德國人來到美國時，當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽谄磳懞桶l(fā)音方面混淆了Dutch 和Deutsch（指德國）。故選B。（ 一開始弄錯了。）

考點：文化類短文閱讀。

 

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During the American Civil War, supporters of the northern side in the central state of Missouri were called Dutch, because many of them were German settlers. In California, during the Gold Rush, the term Dutch was used to describe Germans, Swedes, and Norwegians as well as people from the Netherlands.

President Theodore Roosevelt once noted that anything foreign and non-English was called Dutch. One expression still in use, “to talk to someone like a Dutch uncle”, did come from the Dutch. The Dutch were known for the firm way they raise their children. So if someone speaks to you like a Dutch uncle, he is speaking in a very severe way. And you should listen to him carefully.

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