"Most episodes (經(jīng)歷) of absent-mindedness -- forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room -- are caused by a simple lack of attention," says Schacter.  "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded (編號) it deeply."

      Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn't failing you," says Schacter.  "Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed."

      Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness.  "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski , "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.

     Visual clues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue (暗示) is clear and available," he warns. If you want to remember to take medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table -- don't leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

     Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else.  "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.

57. What is absent-mindedness mainly caused by?

   A. Lack of interest.   B. Lack of attention  C. Walking into a room. D. Visual clues.

58. Which of the following is an absent-minded symptom?

   A. Walking into a room to find where you are.  

B. Leaving the clue in the medicine bottle.

   C. Forgetting to drop a letter into the mailbox. 

 D. Reciting sports statistics 30 years ago.

59. What can help prevent absent-mindedness?

   A. Trying to remember something as much as possible. 

B. Returning to where you were.

   C. Encoding something deeply in your mind.  

D. Showing more interest in something.

60. According to the two experts, what can help people to remember

   something?

   A. Cues.        B. Bottles.          C. Environment.         D. Statistics.

全文介紹心不在焉產(chǎn)生的原因，以及如何能夠盡可能避免或解決這個問題。  

 57．B．細節(jié)理解題。文中第一段首句就開門見山講述：心不在焉是由注意力不集中導(dǎo)致。雖然后面也有提到缺乏興趣，但兩位專家多次強調(diào)這個原因，如第二段、第三段最后一句等。

    58．C．細節(jié)理解題。A是說明如何解決心不在焉來加強記憶的方法，不是癥狀；B中描述與文中信息相反；D是講述記憶力好的例證；C才是本文提到的關(guān)于健忘的一種癥狀。

    59．C．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句可知最大的原因是“沒能夠?qū)⒁涀〉膬?nèi)容深深地編碼于大腦中”。因此可以推出：通過把要記住的東西深深編碼于頭腦中，才能有助于減少遺忘。

    60．C．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，記憶依賴于環(huán)境。而且第四

段“貼標簽”這個例子，也說明環(huán)境有助于記憶。

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