Question

6．Chimps（黑猩猩） will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct （本能） to help one another．Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food．
    In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random---he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish．
Human children，on the other hand are extremely cooperative．From the earliest ages，they decide to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals．The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children．He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children．One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially．Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded．A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive（認(rèn)知的）skills，at least when compared with chimps．In tests c onducted by Tomasello，the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests，but were considerably better at understanding the social world．
The core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't is what Tomasello calls shared
intentionality．Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose．They actively seek to be part of a"we"，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal．
58．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps？C
A．Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food．
B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children．
C．Chimps seldom care about others'interests．
D．Chimps naturally share food with each other．
59．Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that theyD．
A．know how to offer help to adults
B．know the world better than chimps
C．trust adults with their hands full
D．have the instinct to help others
60．The passage is mainly aboutA．
A．cooperation as a distinctive human nature
B．the development of intelligence in children
C．the helping behaviors of young children
D．ways to train children's shared intentionality．

Answer 1

分析 作者從猩猩的自私行為導(dǎo)入到人類無私幫助他人的本能，分析了人類愿意幫助他人、愿意與他人合作的本能天性的原因．

解答 58．C   根據(jù)第一段第二句"But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct to help one another"以及第二段最后兩句"he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish"可知，黑猩猩基本不在意其他猩猩的利益，C項(xiàng)正確．B項(xiàng)，"黑猩猩往往會(huì)給自己的孩子提供食物"，由第一段第三四句"Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children"可知，黑猩猩也會(huì)拒絕和自己的孩子分享食物，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；A項(xiàng)，"黑猩猩喜歡騙它們鄰居的食物"，文章未提及，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)，"黑猩猩會(huì)自發(fā)地相互分享食物"，根據(jù)第一段三四句"Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children"可知，黑猩猩只會(huì)為自己找食物，甚至母猩猩都不會(huì)給自己孩子分享食物，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．故正確答案為C．
59．D  細(xì)節(jié)題．根據(jù)第三段第一句"Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative．From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals"可知，人類小孩在很小的時(shí)候會(huì)很想要幫助他人，根據(jù)第四段第二句"One is that these instincts appear at a very young age"可知，這是一種在很小的時(shí)候的本能，即小孩有一種想幫助他人的本能，D項(xiàng)正確．B項(xiàng)，"知道怎樣對(duì)成年人提供幫助"，文章未提及，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)，"比黑猩猩對(duì)世界更有了解"，根據(jù)第四段最后一句"the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world"可知，小孩在理解社會(huì)世界上做得更好，但在理解物質(zhì)世界時(shí)并沒有比猩猩更好，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；A項(xiàng)，"相信兩手都被占滿的成年人"，文章未提及，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．故正確答案為D．
60．A  主旨題．第一段談?wù)摿撕谛尚稍谝欢ǔ潭壬嫌泻献餍袨�，但除了那些很基本的合作行為外，他們基本沒有幫助他人的本能．第二段描述了即使在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下，猩猩們也不會(huì)自發(fā)分享食物．第三段談?wù)撊祟愋『�卻和猩猩不同，他們有自發(fā)的合作本能．第四段談?wù)摿苏J(rèn)為小孩想要去幫助和分享的強(qiáng)烈欲望不是被教會(huì)的，而是小孩自發(fā)擁有的幾個(gè)原因．最后一段討論了 Tomasello 稱之為分享意圖的這一概念．可知，整篇文章主要是在談?wù)摵献�，這種人類與眾不同的天性，A項(xiàng)正確．C項(xiàng)意為"小孩的幫助行為"，B項(xiàng)意為"訓(xùn)練小孩的分享意圖的方法"，D項(xiàng)意為"小孩智力的發(fā)展"，均不符合文意．故正確答案為A．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一個(gè)故事類閱讀理解，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．