Far from the land of Antarctica (南極洲), a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.
Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point.
The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.
The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白質(zhì)) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.
Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules (分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.
【小題1】What is the text mainly about?

A．The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.
B．A special fish living in freezing waters.
C．The ice shelf around Antarctica.
D．Protection of the Antarctic cod.
【小題2】Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?
A．The seawater has a temperature of - l.88℃
B．It loves to live in the ice-salt mixture.
C．A special protein keeps it from freezing.
D．Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05℃
【小題3】What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．A type of ice-salt mixture. B．A newly found protein
C．Fish blood. D．Sugar molecule.
【小題4】What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraph mean?
A．sugar B．ice C．blood D．molecule


【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】B
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：本文介紹了科學(xué)家對(duì)于南極洲一種小魚(yú)為什么能夠在如此寒冷的情況下還能生存的原因的剖析。原因在于這種魚(yú)的血液里存在的一種蛋白質(zhì)。
【小題1】B 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段Far from the land of Antarctica (南極洲), a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.可知本文講述的是南極洲的一種小魚(yú)，故B正確。
【小題2】C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段The scientists’ next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白質(zhì)) never before seen in the blood of a fish.可知正是這種蛋白質(zhì)讓這種魚(yú)能夠再這么低溫的情況下存活。故C正確。
【小題3】B 推理題。根據(jù)Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白質(zhì)) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature.可知當(dāng)這種物質(zhì)被拿走以后血很快就凝固了，故it就是指前面的protein，故B正確。
【小題4】A 推理題。根據(jù)Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein.可知該名詞肯定是與sugar有關(guān)，故A正確。
考點(diǎn)：考察科普類(lèi)短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文介紹了科學(xué)家對(duì)于南極洲一種小魚(yú)為什么能夠在如此寒冷的情況下還能生存的原因的剖析。考察了2個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題，詞義猜測(cè)題旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文對(duì)生詞做出理解判斷的能力。近幾年來(lái)，閱讀理解中的詞義猜測(cè)題呈上升趨勢(shì)。在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)選材、背景、及上下文等線索推測(cè)出生詞詞義是真實(shí)語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)中的重要技巧。這一能力可以說(shuō)是體現(xiàn)閱讀理解能力的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)。

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