It is less well-known that fully 80 percent of the world's fertilizer        are met by synthesizing ammonia
from natural gas and steam.      
[     ]
A. requirements      
B. acquirement      
C. treatment      
D. agreement
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Whatever our differences as human beings are we all think we’re more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 per cent of our genetic（遺傳的）structure with the simple worm.

But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome（染色體組）.

To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode（線蟲類的）worm is one of the earliest creatures on planet earth. It is less than one millimeter long, completely transparent and spends its entire life digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life, and what can be done to make it better.

What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of the cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow, develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.

Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead, this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.

Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has         .

A．found that human beings are similar to the worm

B．got the fact we share 40 per cent of our genetic structure with the simple worm

C．found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human body

D．proved that cell death is programmed

People might be seriously ill if the cells in their body        .

A．grow without being instructed B．die regularly

C．fail to follow people’s instructions  D．develop in the human body

The underlined word“they”（paragraph 5）refers to        .

A．cell deaths       B．diseases    C．instructions      D．cells

What is the subject discussed in the text?

A．The theory of programmed cell deaths.     B．A great scientist—Sir John Sulston.

C．The programmed human life.             D．Dangerous diseases.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（浙江卷帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” ---- the real mother or the mother-substitute(母親替代物）.
During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes ---- one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接觸的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（長時間的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（擁抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.” 
50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth     B. Milk     C. Contact         D. Trust
【小題1】After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __.

A．larger in sizeB．closer to them
C．less frightening and less disturbingD．more comfortable to rub against
【小題2】What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?
A．AttentionB．SoftnessC．ConfidenceD．Interest
【小題3】It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,_____________.
A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around
【小題4】The main purpose of the passage is to______________.
A．give the reasons of the experiment
B．present the findings of the experiment
C．introduce the method of the experiment
D．describe the process of the experiment

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆浙江省新夢想新教育新陣地聯(lián)誼學(xué)校高三回頭考聯(lián)考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Next Stop: Planet Mars
Fly me to the moon? That’s not far enough. On September 14, 2011, NASA released designs for a superrocket, the Space Launch System (SLS). This time the final destination will be Mars.
The SLS is a huge, liquid-fuelled rocket. If it is fully developed, it will be the most powerful rocket ever built. Its lift capability will be much bigger than that of the space shuttle of Saturn 5, the rocket that sent the Apollo missions to the moon.
NASA is planning to launch its first unmanned test flight in 2017. It is hoped that the first crew will fly in 2021 and astronauts will make it to a nearby asteroid(小行星) in 2025. NASA hopes to send the rocket and astronauts to Mars from the asteroid by the 2030s, according to the Associated Press (AP).
NASA used liquid rockets to send Apollo, Gemini and Mercury into space, but later changed to solid rockets boosters(助推火箭) because they were cheaper. Tragically, however, a booster flaw(缺陷) caused the space shuttle Challenger to crash in 1986. The new project plans to return to liquid fuel.
According to AP, the rockets will at first be able to carry 77 to 110 tons of payload(凈載重量). Eventually they will be able to carry 143 tons into space, maybe even as many as 165 tons, NASA officials said. By comparison, the Saturn 5 booster could lift 130 tons and the space shuttle just 27 tons.
However, unlike reusable shuttles, these powerful rockets are mostly one use only. New ones have to be built for every launch. This will be very costly.
NASA estimates that it will cost about $3 billion (19 billion yuan) per year, or $18 billion until the first test flight in 2017. NASA hopes to make money by allowing private companies to send astronauts to the International Space Station like giant taxi services, so that the program can be “sustainable”.
“This is perhaps the biggest thing for space exploration in decades,” said Senator Bill Nelson, a former astronaut. “The goal is to fly humans safely beyond low-Earth orbit(軌道) and deep into outer space where we cannot only survive, but one day also live.”
【小題1】What is the outstanding feature of the SLS?

A．It’s equipped with an advanced control system.
B．It’s the first unmanned space shuttle in the world.
C．It’s the only vehicle that can fly astronauts to the moon.
D．It can send a lot more goods and passengers into space.
【小題2】What is Saturn 5?
A．An aircraft that had a deadly flaw and crashed in 1986.
B．A series of rockets that once sent astronauts to the moon.
C．An unmanned space shuttle that was once famous in the world.
D．A kind of launch vehicle that will be used to carry astronauts to Mars.
【小題3】NASA plans to use liquid fuel in the new project because ______ than solid rockets boosters.
A．it is less costly
B．it is much safer
C．it can last longer
D．it is more environmentally friendly
【小題4】According to NASA’s schedule, it will take ______ years to fully complete the SLS program.
A．a(chǎn)bout 6B．a(chǎn)bout 10
C．less than 14 D．more than 19
【小題5】It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．the SLS program is planning to make reusable rockets
B．the goal of the SLS program is to enable humans to live on the moon
C．the US government may not have provided enough money for the SLS program
D．NASA will use SLS as a space taxi between the Earth and Mars

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科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省三校2010屆高三下學(xué)期5月聯(lián)考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

 

第三部分 閱讀理解 (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)

請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

When the first spring flowers blossom, Easter comes. It is the oldest Christian feast, in memory of the resurrection (復(fù)活) of Jesus Christ.

Along with the traditional Easter walk or outing, the giving of Easter eggs and, more recently, of Easter presents is a main feature of the feast. Parents give their children “Easter eggs” – colored and boiled eggs, chocolate eggs, marzipan eggs – Easter bunnies, sweets, and other gifts. In some German regions, children virtually “collect” Easter eggs from their relatives, especially their godparents.

Usually, the Easter eggs are carefully hidden in the garden or in the house and the children must search for them on the morning of the Sunday. They are told that the Easter bunny has brought them. This anonymous, mysterious bunny is like Santa Claus at Christmas. But it is less of an “educational” figure than Santa Claus is, since the eggs are not given to children as rewards for being good.

Some Easter egg games have been preserved at certain places in Germany or have even been newly developed. Children try to outdo others in rolling colored eggs down grassy slopes, for instance, or they knock the eggs’ pointed ends together and the child whose egg does not shatter gets the broken one, too. In some places, this custom was even used as the name of local festival.

1.What are the main features of Easter?

A.Easter walk, Easter eggs, Easter bunnies and sweets.

B.Easter outing and the giving of Easter presents.

C.Easter walk, Easter eggs, Easter bunnies and Easter egg games.

D.Easter outing, the collecting of Easter eggs, and Easter games

2.The underlined word “outdo” means ________.

A. do better than              B. do worse than               C. do slower than              D. do the same as

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A.Easter bunny will give gifts to children for better or worse.

B.Easter bunny is very similar to Santa Claus, as they both bring gifts to children.

C.Easter always falls on a Sunday.

D.Some of the local festivals are named by Easter egg games.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010-2011年廣東省梅州市高二下期末考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

Most people think that the capital of the movie world is Hollyhood, in the United States. However, the real movie capital is Mumbai, in India. Mumbai used to be known as Bombay, and so the film industry there is called “Bollywood.” Bollywood makes twice as many movies each year as Hollyhood—more than 800 films a year.

The movies from Bollywood are very different from Hollywood movies. For one thing, Bollywood movies are much longer than most Hollywood movies. Most Bollywood movies are more than three hours long, and contain singing, dancing, action, adventure, mystery, and romance (but usually no kissing). Because Bollywood films contain so many different features, this style of film is sometimes called a “masala” film. (“Masala” is an Indian word for a mixture of spices.)

Another big difference between Bollywood and Hollywood movies is the way movies are made. It takes much longer to make a movie in Hollywood than in Bollywood. In fact, filming may begin on a Bollywood movie before the script even finished. The director and writers can make up the story while the film is being made. Sometimes they will even write the script by hand instead of taking time to type it.

Bollywood actors are very popular and some are in such high demand that they may work on several movies at the same time. They may even shoot scenes for several films on the same day using the same costumes and scenery. Since most Bollywood movies follow the same kind of story, shooting scenes for several films at the same time is not a big problem for actors or directors. This also helps keep the cost of Bollywood movies lower than the cost of Hollywood movies. The average Bollywood film, with a budget of only two million U.S. dollars, seems very cheap compared to the average budget of sixty million U.S. dollars for a Hollywood film—thirty times as much!

1.What is the main topic of the reading?

    A. famous stars in Bollywood                   B. how Hollywood movies are made

    C. the differences between two movie industries D. the history of movie-making in India

2.What is NOT true about Mumbai?

    A. It is the movie capital of India.

    B. The new name is Bombay.

    C. More movies are made there than in Hollywood.

    D. It is less expensive to make films there than in Hollywood.

3. Why are Bollywood films often called “masala” films?

A. They have spicy stories.                    B. They show Indian culture.

C. They are much longer than Hollywood films.   D. They mix different styles of movies.

4. Bollywood movies are cheap to make because ____________________ .

    A. they are shorter than Hollywood films.

    B. the scripts are written by hand.

    C. the movies do not use any special effects.

    D. each movie reuses things from other movies.

5.Which of these statements would the writer probably agree with?

    A. Most Bollywood movies are very similar.

    B. It takes a lot of money to make a good movie.

    C. Only Indian people can understand Bollywood movies.

    D. Hollywood movies are too violent.

 

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