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Celebrating sleep

　　World Sleep Day, observed on 21 March, was created to bring attention to the growing number of sleep problems worldwide．Sleep is a natural part of human life, but many people in the modern world ignore its importance．As a result, sleep problems are increasingly common．

　　In 2002, scientists at the University of Athens in Greece conducted a survey of over 35,000 people in 10 countries around the world, including China, Belgium and South Africa．Of the people that responded to the survey, 24 percent said that they did not sleep well, and based on their responses, 31.6 percent were diagnosed(診斷)with insomnia(失眠)and another 17.5 percent were diagnosed with borderline insomnia．In addition, 30.7 percent of survey respondents reported visiting a doctor for help with sleep problems and 11.6 percent said that they felt very sleepy during the day．

　　Overall, the survey found that ninny people suffer the effects of poor quality sleep, some examples of which are being unable to fall asleep and waking up in the middle of the night．The main factors causing these problems are pressure from school or work and a fast pace of life, but noise pollution and light pollution also interfere with sleep and contribute to poor quality sleep．The survey's findings are particularly troubling because large numbers of people were found to have difficulty sleeping at night．The short-term effects of this are tiredness and trouble concentrating．If this happens for a long time, the risk of putting on weight and having a heart attack may increase．

　　There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep．First, you should have regular sleep habits．Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day．You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you．At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping．

　　Getting a good night's sleep is important for everyone．By following the advice above, you can rest better at night and work better during the day．

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科目：高中英語 來源：安徽省涇縣中學2010-2011學年高二下學期期中考試英語試卷 題型：051

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　　It’s that time of year again! The holidays are coming up, and you know what that means…it’s time to shop! Being the busy person that you are, most likely you will do some of your shopping online．And who can blame you? Great prices, great selection, free gift-wrap(禮品包裝)…what’s not to love?

　　But take care; taking advantage of the convenience in shopping online could bring risks to both your personal information and your PC．As long as you’re aware of the key issues, you can shop anytime, with the knowledge to protect you．

　　Not every Web site and online shop is a safe and reputable merchant! The truth is many thieves are quite skilled at crafting very convincing, legitimate-looking(貌似合法的)online shopping sites．Be very careful who you purchase from! Make sure you know where you’re shopping and that you read all the rules．

　　A common phishing tactic(網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚策略)targeting(把……作為目標)online shoppers makes use of online promotions and sales to encourage a consumer to enter personal information in order to receive coupons(贈劵)or other gifts．While many reliable sites offer coupons or samples, they will never ask for extra amounts of personal information, most only require a name and email address．

　　But don’t back away from the PC just yet! By taking into consideration a few simple actions, you can protect your credit, purchases, and personal information while shopping online．Go ahead and give that credit card a practice．You can be safe．

(1)．Always shop from a safe PC．

(2)．Try to stick to the sites you know and trust… such as Amazon, Overstock, and large store websites．

(3)．If you heard about a “great gift” or “special offer” through an email from an unknown address, it is likely fake and should be avoided．

(4)．Make sure that the connection to the website is an http．This doesn't guarantee safety, but in most cases these sites are safe．

(5)．Consider choosing ways of payment, such as cash upon delivery

So enjoy your online holiday shopping．Giving the gift of happiness this holiday season doesn’t have to cost you more than you’ve expected．

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科目：高中英語 來源：安徽省六安一中2012屆高三第七次月考英語試題 題型：053

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　　It's every student's dream to do well in the national college entrance examination and enter a good university．In the eyes of students and parents, a good university should have a high ranking, and the employment rate of its graduates should be high．But be careful! The employment rate they tell you might not always be true．

　　Recently, people created a Chinese phrase “bei jiuye”, which has become popular on the Internet almost overnight across China．The word “bei” has a grammatical use in Chinese：it has a function similar to the passive voice in English．But now people often use it to express their doubts about something．Here, the phrase “bei jiuye” has the literal meaning of “to be hired”, but people understand that it really means “to be hired without one's knowledge” or “be hired for jobs that may not exist at all”．

　　The story of “bei jiuye” goes like this．Zhao Dongdong, a graduate of a university in Shanxi province, was surprised to find that he got a job from a company he never applied to, which he wasn't even sure was a real place．On his last day of graduation ceremonies, he was surprised to come across the employment contract．

　　“God! At that time, I had not landed a job yet, but they gave me an employment contract! I wondered who on earth signed the contract with the company．” When Zhao made a phone call to the company to check it out, no one answered．He was not the only one in his college who was “hired” for a job that did not exist．One of his classmates signed a contract with a company called Xi'an Beilin Industrial Corporation, which could not be found on the Internet either．In the end, it turned out that the college had faked the contract to make it seem like the employment rate for new graduates was higher than that．By doing this, the college could build up a “good” reputation that could help it attract new students．“Bei jiuye” is just one of many hot “bei” words on the Internet．See some of them in “Bonus”．The use of “bei” is a satirical(諷刺的)way for the public to express its helplessness and criticize abuses of power, some people say．People also use “bei” words to bring attention to social problems, hoping they will be noticed by authorities．

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科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省揚州中學2011－2012學年高一下學期期中考試英語試題 題型：053

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　　Real policemen hardly recognize any similarity between their lives and what they see on TV．

　　The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolved round(圍繞；以…為目的)criminal law．He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court．He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to．

　　Little of his time is spent in chatting．He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes．

　　Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal：as soon as he's arrested, the story is over．In real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem．Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks, little effort is spent on searching．

　　Having made an arrest, a detective(偵探)really starts to work．He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence．

　　A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures：first, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with(依照)the law．Secondly, as expensive public servants, they have to get results．They can hardly ever do both．Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways．

　　If the detective has to deceive(欺騙)the world, the world often deceives him．Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth．And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-minded－as he see it－of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating(消除)crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform．The result, detective feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars．This makes them rather cynical(憤世嫉俗的)．

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試安徽卷英語 題型：053

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　　Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”．In other words, whether you're Seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, you've got to move forward．We've interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情)：

　　Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness．Reported Newsweek's Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships．”

　　Singing aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand：all may increase a feeling of happiness, according to a study from Wake Forest University．Participants(參與者)followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn．

　　The editors of forbes．Com gave ＄5 or ＄20 to 46 strangers by chance．Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half was told to spend it on others．Those who'd shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who'd spent it on themselves．There was no difference in happiness between those who spent ＄5 or ＄20, suggesting that it's not how much money you spend, but how you spend it, that inspires the spirit．

　　Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude．

Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful．A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脫水)affected the moods of its female participants．

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