Question

Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛蟲) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
【小題1】The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________.

A．a(chǎn)re not tall enough	B．like the lower leaves only
C．a(chǎn)re not clever enough	D．can get the lower leaves easily

【小題2】To defend themselves, oak trees use________.

A．chemical means	B．physical means
C．bitter chemicals	D．sandy materials

【小題3】How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?

A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.

B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.

C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.

D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.

【小題4】What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Plants and Animals	B．How Plants Defend Themselves
C．Attacks and Defenses	D．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves

Answer 1

【小題1】D
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】B

解析試題分析：本文主要講述的是不能移動(dòng)的植物是如何保護(hù)自己的，有些植物采取了物理學(xué)上的方法，有些采取了化學(xué)上的方法，讓自己免受有關(guān)動(dòng)物的傷害，保護(hù)自己。
【小題1】D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.說(shuō)明D正確。
【小題2】B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.說(shuō)明oak tree使用的是物理上的方法，讓個(gè)樹葉更硬跟難吃。而有些植物使用的是化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故B正確。
【小題3】C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段When a caterpillar (毛蟲) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.說(shuō)明樹根發(fā)出指令分泌出更多的nicotine，故C正確。
【小題4】B 主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是不能移動(dòng)的植物是如何保護(hù)自己的，有些植物采取了物理學(xué)上的方法，有些采取了化學(xué)上的方法，讓自己免受有關(guān)動(dòng)物的傷害，保護(hù)自己。故B正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文主要講述的是不能移動(dòng)的植物是如何保護(hù)自己的，有些植物采取了物理學(xué)上的方法，有些采取了化學(xué)上的方法，讓自己免受有關(guān)動(dòng)物的傷害，保護(hù)自己。屬于科普類短文閱讀，此類文章的最大的障礙是詞匯以及考生對(duì)閱讀內(nèi)容的不熟悉，需要考生在閱讀的時(shí)候有足夠的耐心。要養(yǎng)成在上下文串聯(lián)中猜測(cè)詞義的能力，根據(jù)上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來(lái)理解生詞。同時(shí)要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據(jù)題目及選項(xiàng)以及文章的上下文串聯(lián)合理的判斷推理。