Question

【題目】It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why should we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character — we infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”

【1】According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _________.

A. determine one’s behavior

B. reflect one’s taste

C. influence one’s surroundings

D. result from one’s habits

【2】Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?

A. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.

B. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.

C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.

D. The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.

【3】What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?

A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.

B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.

C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.

D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.

【4】What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

A. Personalities and attitudes. B. Preferences and habits.

C. Behavior and personalities. D. Attitudes and preferences.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】本文主要討論了行為和個性之間的關(guān)系。

【1】A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，個性和態(tài)度通常被認為會決定一個人的行為。故選A。

【2】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior.可知，社會學(xué)家Daryl Bern認為，通過觀察我們的行為可以判斷出我們是誰，因為行為來自于我們的內(nèi)在傾向，所以返還錢包可以表明一個人的誠實。故選D。

【3】B詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t.（可能我們會回收是因為如果我們不這樣做的話，我們的妻子和鄰居會反對）可知，我們可能會受到外界壓力的影響做某些事。故選B。

【4】C主旨大意題。本文主要討論了行為和個性之間的關(guān)系。故選C。