If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗碼）are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or a code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send his information about the enemy before his military action. In World War II, the Americans “broke” or figured out Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.

Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much is paid for the goods or when they are added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (占星家)，mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wan­ted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. There he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

67.   The best title of this passage would be ________.

A. Codes and ciphers           B. Differences between codes and ciphers

C. History of codes and ciphers   D. Inventors of codes and ciphers

68. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.

B. You could read some words in Geronimo’s letter without his trellis.

C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.

D. Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 1600s.

69. According to Geronimo Gardano, a trellis is ________.

A. a piece of paper with many small holes

B. a secret message with a lot of small holes

C. a letter with unreadable words and sentences

D. a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures

70.   It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of ________.

A. military affairs             B. commercial secrets

C. scientific achievement       D. personal enjoyment

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科目：高中英語 來源：安徽省安慶市望江縣2012屆高三第一學(xué)期第三次月考英語試題 題型：053

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后的表格中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：表格中的每個空只填一個單詞。

　　Being on bad terms with your neighbors can make your life frustrating day after day．But taking the time to establish a good relationship with your neighbors has a good many benefits．The community will be friendlier, the neighborhood safer, and the area a nicer place to live in．'There are some suggestions t0 develop a good relationship with your neighbors．

　　Whether you're new in the neighborhood or new residents who have just moved into your block, introduce yourself．Say hello, offer a welcoming gift and share or ask about the local area．

　　Sometimes, you can remedy(補救)problems before they even start; for example, if you do a lot of yard work, let them know in advance and mention that if it's getting too loud, they shouldn't hesitate to let you know．

　　Be aware of the shared walls, if you and your neighbors share adjacent(相鄰的)living spaces．a(chǎn)nd try to put noisy household appliances such as washing machines and tumble dryers away from the shared walls．

　　Keep your pet dog on a leash(皮帶)if it has a habit of running rampant on your neighbors' lawns, especially if they have a pet cat or a pet dog of their own, and ensure to clean up after it．

　　When you park your vehicle, be sure not to block anyone's access, or make them have to pull out of a very tight spot．Don't slam(砰地關(guān)上)your car doors late at night．

　　Weed your garden in a regular way, because the presence of weeds in your yard is not only unsightly but can also spread to your neighbor's yard．

　　Really good neighbors watch out for each other．They offer to help, especially on matters that impact the larger neighborhood and look for opportunities to communicate．Great neighbors make for great neighborhoods．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

A popular student in her small high school, Katie started college expecting to do well in her courses and be best friends with her roommates. But things didn’t turn out that way. Psych 101, the course she thought would be a first-semester favorite, turned out to be a struggle. And her roommates were as different from Katie as the student restaurant’s mystery meat was from her mom’s roasted pork.

Living away from home tends to be the toughest adjustment for first-year students. You may feel homesick in your first weeks or months. It can help to call, write, or email your parents and friends making them know how you’re doing. You can also talk with your roommates. As first-year students themselves, they’re probably experiencing many of the same fears and worries that you’re dealing with.

But what if you don’t get along well with your roommates?

In some cases, it can be a good thing if you and your roommates aren’t much alike. Different views on things may be helpful, so respect your differences no matter what.

If you and your roommates don’t get along well, it can help to find someone who you feel does understand you, which should be easy on a campus with so many people. Many schools have student organization nights where all of the campus clubs gather and promote their organizations, so you can meet people with the same interests there as you. You’ll also meet tons of people in class or in your dorm building.

As homesickness, painful throats, sprained (扭傷的) ankles and wisdom teeth that act up are common among college students, you should check out your student guidebook or your school’s website to find out information about the university health center.

If you think you cannot deal with your problems, make a stop at the school counseling (咨詢) center. First-year troubles are something the counselors know well. You can get help there.

From Paragraph 1 we can infer that ____.

A. Katie had been worried about the changes before starting her college life

B. Katie felt satisfied when her college life started

C. Katie wasn’t used to the new environment in college at first

D. Katie has fallen behind in her study after the first semester in college

What’s the author’s suggestion on dealing with homesickness?

A. Adjust to it.

B. Share fears and worries with your parents.

C. Talk to your roommates about it.

D. Get along with your roommates.

Which of the following ways of dealing with roommates is RIGHT?

A. Not trying to change them.

B. Not making friends with them.

C. Developing the same interests as them

D. Not talking with them.

What’s the main idea of the text?

A. Freshmen may meet many problems.

B. Communication is important in college.

C. How you can adjust to your first year in college.

D. How schools help freshmen to get used to college life.

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Idioms are phrases and sentences that do not mean exactly what they say. Even if you know the meaning of each word you see or hear, you may not understand the idiom because you don't understand the culture behind it.
　　 For example, if an American boy asks his mother what's for dinner tomorrow, she may say "I'll play it by ear", that means she doesn't have plans for dinner and she will decide later. "Play by ear" used to mean playing music using the sheet music, but now people often use it when they're not talking about music.
　　 There're many idioms in English. If you learn to use them, your English will be more vivid and colorful. English idioms are more common in spoken English. They can be difficult to remember sometimes. Next time when you hear somebody saying to you, "Give me a hand", you don't necessarily stretch out your hand to him/her, but you do need to be helpful. And when the situation is out of hand, you usually can do very little to manage all that. What about a green hand? It's not about the color of your hand! You're a green hand when you are very new at your work and don't have much experience. If you and your partner always work together hand in glove, you two definitely work together very well.
　　 Can you guess the meanings of some common English idioms to do with parts of your body?
【小題1】An idiom is _______.

A．a(chǎn) phrase or a sentence that means exactly what the words say
B．a(chǎn) phrase or a sentence that doesn't mean exactly what every word says
C．so difficult that nobody can understand
D．something to do with parts of your body
【小題2】If a mother says "I'll play it by ear" to talk about the dinner, she means _______.
A．she will cook dinner while listening to music at the same time
B．she doesn't hear what others are talking about.
C．she will play music using the sheet music instead of cooking dinner
D．She doesn't have plans for dinner and will decide later
【小題3】When one says "Can you give me a hand?", he means _______.
A．he needs to hold your hand.
B．he works well with you
C．he needs your help
D．he is a new comer and can't help with the situation
【小題4】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．People use English idioms more in spoken English than in written English.
B．To understand the culture behind an idiom is important in understanding the idiom.
C．Idioms make your English more vivid and colorful so they are easy to remember.
D．You may not understand an idiom even though you know the meaning of each word.
【小題5】Here are 4 common English idioms to do with parts of your body and their meanings. Can you match them?
　　1) to learn something by heart a. to depend on oneself
　　2) to have sticky fingers b. to know something very well
　　3) to stand on one's own feet c. to do something secretly
　　4) to go behind someone's back d. to have the habit of stealing
A．badc B．bdac C．cbad D．cdba

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任務(wù)型讀寫(共10小題；每空1分, 滿分10分)
閱讀下列短文, 根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后的表格中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：表格中的每個空格只填1個單詞。
Being on bad terms with your neighbors can make your life frustrating day after day. But taking the time to establish a good relationship with your neighbors has a good many benefits. The community will be friendlier, the neighborhood safer, and the area a nicer place to live in. ’There are some suggestions t0 develop a good relationship with your neighbors.
Whether you're new in the neighborhood or new residents who have just moved into your block, introduce yourself. Say hello, offer a welcoming gift and share or ask about the local area.
Sometimes, you can remedy (補救) problems before they even start; for example, if you do a lot of yard work, let them know in advance and mention that if it's getting too loud, they shouldn't hesitate to let you know.
Be aware of the shared walls, if you and your neighbors share adjacent (相鄰的) living spaces. and try to put noisy household appliances such as washing machines and tumble dryers away from the shared walls.
Keep your pet dog on a leash (皮帶) if it has a habit of running rampant on your neighbors’ lawns, especially if they have a pet cat or a pet dog of their own, and ensure to clean up after it.
When you park your vehicle, be sure not to block anyone's access, or make them have to pull out of a very tight spot. Don't slam (砰地關(guān)上) your car doors late at night.
Weed your garden in a regular way, because the presence of weeds in your yard is not only unsightly but can also spread to your neighbor's yard.
Really good neighbors watch out for each other. They offer to help, especially on matters that impact the larger neighborhood and look for opportunities to communicate. Great neighbors make for great neighborhoods.

Topic：To be a good neighbor
Importance of【小題1】______ a good relationship with your neighbors
★ Being on 【小題2】 ______ terms with your neighbors can make you frustrated day after day.
★ A good relationship with neighbors has numerous benefits, 【小題3】______a friendlier community, a safer neighborhood and a nicer and more comfortable area.
Steps to develop a good relationship with your neighbors
★ Introduce yourself when you are in a new place.
★ Care about others and 1et them know they can point out your problems without any 【小題4】______.
★ Be 【小題5】______ of the shared walls if you and your neighbor share adjacent living spaces.
★ Make 【小題6】______ you clean up after your dog runs on your neighbors’ lawns.
★ When you park your car late at night, 【小題7】______ slamming your car door.
★ Weed your garden【小題8】______
Conclusions
★ Good neighbors have a(n)【小題9】 ______ on more people,  offer to help and seek opportunities to communicate.
★ Great neighbors【小題10】______ to great neighborhoods.
 

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科目：高中英語 來源：20102011學(xué)年度河北省高二第二次階段考試英語試題 題型：信息匹配

  根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后面的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項.

What to do if you and your teacher don’t get along

  If you’re having problems with a teacher, try to find out why.   1. 

  Before you try to get out of a class you don’t like, here are a few things you can try to make you feel better.

  ●   Meet with the teacher and try to talk to him or her.  2.   For example, “ I can’t learn in class when I feel like that I can’t take part it.” See if you can work it out between the two of you.

●     Ask yourself, “ What can I learn from this teacher?” You have to remember that he or she is very helpful and really know something in a certain field.   3. 

●     Talk to the students who are doing well in the class and ask them for some advice. If you’re too shy to talk to another student, try to follow his or her actions in the classroom.

●     If your relationship problems can’t be solved in school, tell your parents.  4.  

Teachers are there for more than just homework, and they know more than just their subjects.   5.   There will always be a few teachers that you will always remember and who might change your life forever.

A.  They are very considerate.

B.  Tell his or her what’s on your mind.

C.  They will tell you how to act as a student.

D.  Do you hate the subject or just dislike the teacher?

E.  Let them meet with your teacher to try to work it out. 

F.  Try to understand and accept your teacher’s personality.

They can help you to become a lifelong learner

 

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