Question

【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。
The healthy adolescent boy or girl likes to do the real things in life,to do the things that matter. He would rather be a plumber's mate and do a real job that requires doing than learn about hydrostatics(流體靜力學(xué))sitting at a desk, without understanding what practical use they are going to be. A girl would rather look after the baby than learn about child care. Logically we should learn about things before doing them and that is probably why the experts enforce this in our educational system.But it is not the natural way---nor, in my view, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does the appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.
They do these things better in primitive life,for there at puberty(青春期) the boy joins his father in making canoes,patching huts,going out fishing or hunting.He is serving his apprenticeship in the actual accomplishments of life.It is not surprising that anthropologists(人類學(xué)家) find that the adolescents of primitive communities do not suffer from the same neurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的) “difficulties” as those of civilized life.This is not,as some assume,because they are permitted more sexual freedom,but because they are given more natural outlets for their native interests and powers and are allowed to grow up freely into a full life of responsibility in the community.
In the 19th century this was recognized in the apprenticeship system,which allowed the boy to go out with the master carpenter,or ploughman,to engage in the actual work of carpentry or roof-mending,and so to learn his trade.In some agricultural colleges at the present time young men have to do a year's work on a farm before their theoretical training at college.The great advantage of this system is that it lets the apprentice see the practical problems before he sets to work learning how to solve them,and he can therefore take a more intelligent interest in his theoretical work.
Since more knowledge of more things is now required in order to cope with the adult world, the period of growing-up to independence takes much longer than it did in more primitive community,and the responsibility for such education,which formerly was in the hands of the parents,is now necessarily undertaken by experts at school. But that should not make us lose sight of the basic principle, namely the need and the desire of the adolescent to engage responsibly in the real pursuits of life and then to learn how—to learn through responsibility, not to learn before responsibility.
（1）According to the author, what is the natural way of education?
A.Doing things while learning.
B.Doing things before learning.
C.Doing things as an apprentice.
D.Learning practical knowledge first.
（2）The main advantage of the natural way of education, whether in primitive or modern times, is that learners.
A.can learn the trade through solving problems at work
B.can work with their masters throughout their learning
C.are given opportunities to develop their interest first
D.are given more freedom in doing things and learning
（3）According to context, “this” in the third paragraph refers to ________.
A.the kind of skills boys learned from their father
B.the difficulties modern adolescents experience
C.the amount of freedom in learning in primitive life
D.the way of learning in primitive communities
（4）Which of the following sums up the author's main point?
A.The apprenticeship system was effective in learning.
B.Learning to solve problems is learning through responsibility.
C.Students develop their interest through learning.
D.Students should be given more freedom in learning.

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】作者通過對青少年喜歡做與生活有關(guān)的 實(shí)際的事情而不愿學(xué)習(xí)一些與生活無關(guān)的東西的例子闡述了自己所認(rèn)為的有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)的觀點(diǎn)，這是一種自然而然的學(xué)習(xí)方式。
（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的句子“But it is not the natural way—nor, in my view, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does he appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.”可知作者認(rèn)為首先在學(xué)習(xí)之前應(yīng)該做一些事情。故選B。
（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的句子“because they are given more natural outlets for their native interests and powers and are allowed to grow up freely into a full life of responsibility in the community.”可知不管是原始社會還是現(xiàn)代社會，自然的教育方法的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是學(xué)習(xí)者被給予機(jī)會先培養(yǎng)他們的興趣，故選C。
（3）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子“which allowed the boy to go out with the master carpenter, or ploughman, to engage in the actual work of carpentry or roof-mending, and so to learn his trade.”這是對前面this的進(jìn)一步解釋，可知this指的是孩子跟著木匠師傅或農(nóng)夫去學(xué)習(xí)，或參與木匠活或修房子的實(shí)踐中去，這些都是原始社會中孩子的學(xué)習(xí)方法，故選D。
（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子“But that should not make us lose sight of the basic principle, namely the need and the desire of the adolescent to engage responsibly in the real pursuits of life and then to learn how—to learn through responsibility, not to learn before responsibility.”可知作者認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)解決問題就是通過學(xué)習(xí)責(zé)任而學(xué)到的，而不是在學(xué)習(xí)責(zé)任之前去學(xué)習(xí)，故選B。