Believe it nor not, ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat preservation in winter.

• “Wen Ding”, ancient rice cooker

The “Wen Ding”, an ancient cooking container, preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal. The one unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age.

• “Ran Lu”, ancient small hot pot

The “Ran Lu” is a small-sized cooking vessel (器皿) made of bronze. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel’s structure suggests that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period (475—221 BC).

• Bronze You, ancient kettle

The Bronze You, one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou, dynasties, could also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi province, had an opening where charcoals could be placed, allowing people to enjoy a hot drink.

• Bronze Yan, ancient steamer

Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, ancient Chinese people later found that its burning produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Van was made with a two-tier (雙層的) structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern day steamer.

1.When did the “Ran Lu” begin to gain popularity?

A. In the Zhou Dynasty B. In the Warring States Period.

C. In the Eastern Han Dynasty. D. In the Stone Age.

2.One of the main functions of the Bronze You was to .

A. place hot charcoals B. pour hot water

C. keep wine warm D. hold charcoal ashes

3.One advantage the Bronze Yan had over the “Wen Ding” was that .

A. it was useful B. it was convenient

C. it was environment-friendly D. it was warm

4.According to the passage, which of the following may have the longest history?

A. The "Wen Ding”. B. The “Ran Lu”.

C. The Bronze You. D. The Bronze Yan.

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