Mars Was Not Always Bitterly Cold
Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.  The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸鹽） minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（隕石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information.
Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet's history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth.
The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home."
小題1: The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.
A．to set up
B．to make people accept a belief
C．to discover or prove
D．to start having a relationship with others
小題2:How did the scientists reach the finding?
A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite.
B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.
C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars
D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface.
小題3:According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?
A．Measuring the temperature of Mars.
B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars.
C．Confirming that there is water flowing on Mars.
D．Finding where human beings will probably land on Mars.
小題4:How did Allan Hills meteorite get its name?
A．From its original place on Mars.
B．From where it was found on the earth.
C．From the name of the scientist who found it.
D．From the name of the aircraft that discovered it
小題5: Where can we most probably read this passage?
A．In a biography of scientists.
B．In a geography magazine.
C．In an environment report.
D．In a science report.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:B
小題5:D

試題分析：
小題1:從第一段最后一句The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented結(jié)合前面兩句可以說明科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了40億年前的火星地表的溫度的證據(jù)。
小題2:從第二段They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（隕石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.及最后一段It is called the Allan Hills meteorite可知答案A, D答案錯(cuò)在on the surface.
小題3:從第四段倒數(shù)第二，三可以看出宇宙飛船火星軌道是給火星地表拍照的。
小題4:從最后一段Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984可知正確答案。
小題5:從第一段第一句可知本文主要講的是一個(gè)科學(xué)報(bào)告，故選Ｄ
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文主要說明一個(gè)科學(xué)報(bào)告：許多年前火星比現(xiàn)在更溫暖，潮濕�？破照f明文要注意首段首句，往往會(huì)在首句點(diǎn)明一個(gè)科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The southwest of Australia has been named as one of 25”hot spots” for future species extinction(滅絕)because of global warming.A new study says global warming will become a top cause of extinction across the world,with thousands of species of plantsand animals likely to be wiped out in the coming decades.
According to the study,global warming ranks among the most serious threats to the planet’s biodiversity and,under some conditions,may be more than that due to deforestation.This study provides even stronger scientific evidence that global warming will result in catastrophic(災(zāi)難性的)species losses across the planet.Last month,a UN study said humans were responsible for the worst extinction and urged extra efforts to reach a UN target of slowing the rate of losses by 2010.
Scientists disagree about how far global warming is to blame compared with other human threats such as deforestation,pollution and the introduction of some species to new habitats.But the new study looks at the 25 “hot spots”—?areas? that contain a big concentration of plants and animals—and predicts that 11.6 percent of all species,with a range from 1 to 43 percent,could be driven to extinction if levels of heat trapping gases in the atmosphere were to keep rising in the next 100 years.
The range would mean the loss of thousands of species.The study gave a wide range because of uncertainties, for instance, about the ability of animals or plants to move towards the poles if the climate warmed. Rare plants,tortoises or birds found only on the southern tip of Africa cannot move south because the nearest land is thousands of miles away in Antarctica.
小題1:According to the passage,which of the following about Australia is TRUE?
A．Australia possesses the richest species in the world.
B．Australia is the country with the highest rate of extinction.
C．The species in the southwest of Australia will be easily affected by global warming.
D．Australia will have the highest temperature in the world.
小題2:According to the passage,all the 25”hot spots”-------- .
A．a(chǎn)re rich in plants and animals
B．a(chǎn)re lacking in natural resources
C．lost most of their plants in 2010
D．will be much hotter than the rest of the world
小題3:We can infer if the climate warms,the animals in Australia will most probably move to the ______ .
A．northB．eastC．westD．south
小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Australia Named as Extinction”Hot Spot”
B．Global Warming and Species Extinction
C．Global Warming is Number One Killer
D．Australia on the Edge of Extinction

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Two Christmas traditions have come under attack in recent years from environmentalists: Christmas cards and Christmas trees.
Paper cards are seen as wasteful and, for some people, going card-free is another way of going green. They also argue that in a world of e-mail, Skype, Facebook and Twitter, people are in touch all the time anyway; they no longer need the yearly card that connects them with long lost friends. If you want to send Christmas greetings, there are free e-cards, which get the job done with no postage or wasted paper.
However, especially for people who didn’t grow up with e-mail, there is something missing from a Christmas e-mail. The first Christmas cards appeared in London in 1843 and were designed by the same man who had introduced the world’s first postage stamp three years earlier. His name was Sir Henry Cole.
They rose in popularity throughout the 20th century. Many people sent cards that were sold for charity. The most famous of these are the ones sold for UNICEF. In the UK this year, in the three weeks before Christmas, the post office expects to handle 100 million cards every day. Environmental awareness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards; this helps raise money to plant more trees, as well as recreating more paper.
When we think of trees at Christmas, there is one that immediately springs(躍入)mind---the evergreen tree that people decorate with ornaments and place their presents under. The custom dates back almost a thousand years to Germany. Nowadays 33 to 36 million Christmas trees are produced in America and 50 to 60 million in Europe each year. Some trees are sold live with roots and soil so people can plant them later and reuse them next year.
Some people prefer artificial trees as they are reusable and much cheaper than their natural alternative. However, environmentalists point out that they are made from petroleum (石油) products and so have many pollution issues.
小題1:What is the main idea of the article?
A．To introduce the history of two typical Christmas traditions.
B．To explain the debate about some Christmas traditions.
C．To analyze how two Christmas traditions grew in popularity.
D．To point out the problems caused by celebrating Christmas.
小題2:What does the underlined word “They” in the fourth paragraph probably mean?
A．Many peopleB．Christmas e-mailsC．Postage stampsD．Christmas cards
小題3:Some people suggest getting rid of paper cards because     .
a. they cannot be recycled         b. they are not environmentally friendly
c. they are mostly sold for charity  d. the e-cards have many advantages over them
e. they are not as necessary as they used to be for people
A．a(chǎn), b, dB．a(chǎn), c, dC．b, d, eD．b, c, e
小題4:What can we conclude from the article?
A．The first Christmas cards were designed earlier than the world’s first stamps.
B．This year has seen a dramatic drop in Christmas card sales.
C．Environmentalists advise people to buy cards that are sold for charity.
D．Growing environmental awareness is encouraging people to recycle their cards.
小題5:Which of the following statements in TRUE according to the article?
A．There is always a wider Christmas tree market in America than in Europe.
B．The custom of decorating Christmas trees first appeared in Britain.
C．Some people prefer to buy live trees that can be reused next year.
D．Artificial trees are better than natural ones in all aspects.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers．They use robotic systems to milk their cows．Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations．Only one cow at a time can enter a station．
Once inside，the cow is rewarded with food．As the cow eats，a  robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine．A few minutes later，milking is complete．The gate is opened，the cow is released and the next cow enters．
The robotic systems are designed to operate 24 hours a day．The cows get to decide when they want to be milked．Cows are milked an average of about three times a day．Some are milked four to six times a day．
The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system．A computer keeps records on their eating and milking．A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked．
The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk．Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests．
Professor Plaut believes the systems will appeal（吸引） especially to the next generation of farmers．She means young people who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm．Still，she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use．
Doug and Tina Suhr have more than 100 cows on their family farm．Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system．A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot cost 175 000 dollars．The second cost 150 000．
Doug told AgriNews that wages that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot．He says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than six kilograms per cow per day．
小題1:From the first paragraph，we can infer________．
A．the robotic system is designed to reduce labor
B．cows can be raised by robots in the future
C．robots direct cows into milking stations
D．cows are kept clean by robots on some farms
小題2:Besides milking cows，the robotic system also can______．
A．a(chǎn)djust the temperature of milking stations
B．judge the quality of fresh milk
C．improve the appetite of cows
D．keep fresh milk for two weeks
小題3:Why is the robotic system not popular now?
A．Because young people have no interest in it．
B．Because it is difficult to learn how to use it．
C．Because people can’t afford to buy it．
D．Because it usually causes the waste of milk．
小題4:According to Doug，what is the wage of an employee?
A．150 000～170 000．B．750 000．
C．150 000～30 000．D．30 000—32 000
小題5:The best title for the passage may be_________．
A．Letting robot milk your cowB．Milking cows by hand
C．Improving the quality of milkD．Drinking fresh milk every day

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

A friend of mine met with an accident driving in darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn’t move. What was the   1  was that he found himself unable to ask for help—his mobile phone went out of   2   as a result of exhausted battery (無電) . Nothing could be done but to   3   in cold wilderness (荒野). It was eight hours later that day broke, and then   4   of the rescue (援救).
It is almost   5   that he could stand （忍受）the horror in the darkness for so long. Even more surprising was his   6  : “First of all, I checked up my   7     conditions and found myself not in mortal (致命的) danger. As there was no   8   to call for help, I leaned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from   9  . In this way I dozed (瞌睡) off.”
His story put an end to my regret (遺憾) for the   10   of an exploration adventure (探險(xiǎn)) that happened last year. A group of young men   11   to explore a mountain cave and got lost.   12   to find a way out in the dark cave they were frightened and ran anxiously without a sense of   13  . Finally they felt dead in fear and exhaustion. According to the   14   people that found them, the place where they got lost was only about 10 meters away from the   15   of the cave. If they stayed on the spot when they lost their way and tried to   16   themselves, they would probably sense a faint light glimmering (閃爍) not far away.
Don’t you think you can compare it with   17   itself? When you meet with difficulty in life and work, you are lost in darkness.   18   you it’s unclear yet and you needn’t put up struggle   19 . It seems to be a negative （消極）attitude,   20   a person who can afford to do so must have foresight (遠(yuǎn)見) as well as a great courage in the first place.
小題1:
A．hopelessB．worstC．more D．best
小題2:
A．service B．wayC．controlD．work
小題3:
A．cryB．lieC．waitD．sleep
小題4:
A．delayB．successC．teamD．a(chǎn)rrival
小題5:
A．untrueB．unimaginable C．trueD．useless
小題6:
A．planB．decisionC．explanation D．excuse
小題7:
A．physicalB．mentalC．working D．medical
小題8:
A．energy B．wayC．tools D．strength
小題9:
A．rottingB．spreading C．hurtingD．bleeding
小題10:
A．lossB．failure C．disappointmentD．sadness
小題11:
A．hadB．managed C．triedD．meant
小題12:
A．WillingB．UnableC．DeterminedD．Deciding
小題13:
A．hearingB．sightC．feeling D．direction
小題14:
A．rescueB．villageC．localD．brave
小題15:
A．endB．topC．openingD．side
小題16:
A．saveB．helpC．stopD．calm
小題17:
A．a(chǎn)dventureB．workC．lifeD．mankind
小題18:
A．MindB．WatchC．ImagineD．Warn
小題19:
A．reallyB．immediately C．carefullyD．hopefully
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．soC．butD．while

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I’m Monty Don. Though I’m a host and writer now, I had an unhappy study experience actually. I changed   21  many times.
I first went to school at five. None of my teachers or classmates liked me, because I always gave them a lot of   22 . I once put a worm in a girl's pocket. When I was seven, I was asked to      23   the school. Then I was sent off to a boarding school. I missed my   24  very much at first; I didn't want to leave once I returned home. Later I met a very   25  teacher, who cared for me and helped me with study. He was also the   26  person to encourage me to act and write. At 13, I moved to Malvern College, but I was kicked out at 15 for   27  school rules. Then I went to another school where I failed my English A level. In fact, I didn't like studying.
I finally   28  that life shouldn't be like this. So I retook the  29  and got an A grade. And more   30 , I made a decision: to go to college, so I began to   31  for the entrance exam. I   32  passed the exam and went to Cambridge to read English. I met my wife there and I was   33  I made that decision, otherwise I wouldn't have had a happy family. Looking back on what I've   34 , I come to know that if you devote yourself to it, nothing is   35 .
小題1:
A．schoolsB．majorsC．jobsD．directions
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)ttentionB．respectC．troubleD．help
小題3:
A．leave B．joinC．visitD．describe
小題4:
A．friendB．childhoodC．teacherD．family
小題5:
A．rudeB．goodC．terribleD．new
小題6:
A．first B．youngestC．lastD．right
小題7:
A．followingB．changingC．misusingD．breaking
小題8:
A．guessedB．doubtedC．rememberedD．realised
小題9:
A．lessonB．exam C．photoD．position
小題10:
A．difficultlyB．effectivelyC．importantlyD．likely
小題11:
A．prepare B．callC．waitD．hope
小題12:
A．suddenlyB．unluckilyC．a(chǎn)ccidentallyD．finally
小題13:
A．sorryB．proudC．glad D．a(chǎn)fraid
小題14:
A．writtenB．experiencedC．seenD．concerned
小題15:
A．strangeB．perfectC．impossible D．false

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

No one doubts that students should study languages, maths and science in high school, but some may object to the idea that they should study art and music as well. To them, these subjects are useless for students’ future and are not worth the time and effort. In my opinion, however, it is necessary for middle school students to study art and music.
Art and music are a precious culture legacy（遺產(chǎn)）, which bring us pleasure and enjoyment. Have you ever been deeply moved by Beethoven’s famous Fifth Symphony（第五交響曲）? Have you ever been fascinated by the colorful starry night produced by Vincent Van Gogh in his paint? Have you ever longed for the moving love between the Butterfly Lovers when you hear this well-known Chinese melody（曲調(diào)）? Art and music are not only images and sounds, but something beyond them. They are the products of passion and human wisdom（智慧）.
Art and music help make students more creative. Artists and musicians are considered the most creative people in the world. It is because art and music sharpen their senses and provide a different perspective (視角) for them to see the world. Many great scientists benefited from art and music. Einstein, the greatest physicist in the 20th century, as well as an excellent violin player, is a good example.
Enjoying art and music is also a good way to relax. Middle school students, who typically carry heavy burdens of study, will definitely（明確地）benefit from it.
To sum up, art and music should absolutely be included in the middle school courses, for they can bring students pleasure and relaxation.
小題1:According to the author, people who think art and music are useless for middle school students __________.
A．don’t understand the value of art and music
B．don’t know the history of art and music at all
C．never benefit from artists and musicians
D．know little about the trend of future education
小題2:In paragraph 2, the author tries to argue that __________.
A．Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians
B．a(chǎn)rt and music help express people’s emotions
C．a(chǎn)rt and music are precious pictures and sounds
D．a(chǎn)rt and music bring people joy and quality life
小題3:The example of Einstein is used to __________.
A．show the importance of creativity
B．prove that scientists are creative
C．encourage students to study art and music
D．provide students with a new way to see the world
小題4:Which of the following is an effective way for middle school students to study?
A． Relaxing themselves regularly while studying.
B． Attending concerts during holidays or after school.
C． Avoiding too much homework by studying art and music.
D． Listening to music while studying language, maths or other subjects.
小題5:Which of the following is used to support the writer’s opinion?
A．Art and music help people become scientists.
B．Art and music provide people with more opportunities.
C．Art and music are beneficial to students in other subjects.
D．Art and music are helpful to make students creative learners.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


When you get in your car, you reach for it. When you're at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it. When you get into a lift, you play with it.
Cigarette? Cup of coffee? No, it's the third most addictive thing in modem life, the cell phone. And experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curb their longing to hug it more tightly than most of their personal relationships.
The costs are becoming more and more evident, and I don't mean just the monthly bill. Dr. Chris Knippers, a counselor at the Betty ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a barrier to one-on-one personal contact, and an escape from reality. Sounds extreme, but we' ve all witnessed the evidence: The person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him. Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell - phone addiction is part of a set of symptoms in a widening gulf of personal separation. He points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with. Despite the growing use of phones, e - mail and instant messaging, in other words, Williams says studies show that we don't have as many friends as our parents.  " Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances via the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends," he says.
If the cell phone has truly had these effects, it's because it has become very widespread. Consider that in 1987, there were only l million cell phones in use.  Today, something like 300 million Americans carry them. They far outnumber wired phones in the United States.
小題1: From the first two paragraphs, we can know________.
A．cell phones have become as addictive as cigarettes
B．cell phone addiction is good for building personal relationships
C．people are longing to have their own cell phones
D．cell phones are the same as cigarettes
小題2:Cell phone addiction has caused the following effects EXCEPT________  .
A．a(chǎn) barrier to personal contact B．fewer friends
C．a(chǎn)n escape from reality D．a(chǎn) serious illness
小題3: The underlined word "curb" in Paragraph 2 means “________. ”
A．ignore B．control C．develop D．rescue
小題4:The example of a woman talking on the phone in the car supports the idea that________  .
A．women Use cell phones more often than men
B．talking on the phone while driving is dangerous
C．cell phones do not necessarily bring people together
D．cell phones make one - on - one personal contact easy
小題5:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Cell phones Are the New Cigarettes
B．Cell phones Are Harmful to the Society
C．The New Report about the Cell phone
D．The Disadvantages of the Cell phone

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

One day, when I was in high school, I saw a kid named Kyle from my class walking home from school with all his books. I thought to myself, “  36 would anyone bring home all his books for the weekend? He must really be 37 .”
As I was walking, I saw several kids running toward him. They ran at him,   38 all his books out of his arms and he fell down in the dirt. His glasses went  39 and landed in the grass.
My  40 went out to him. So, I ran over to him.   41 I handed him his glasses, he looked at me and said, “Hey, thanks!”
I helped him pick up his books, and asked him where he lived. As it  42 , he lived near me. We talked all the way home. Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends.
Kyle was the  43 student of our class, one of those guys that really found  44 during high school. Therefore he had the honor to prepare a  45 speech. On the graduation day, I could see that he was  46 . So, I patted him on the back and said, “Hey, big guy, you’ll be  47 !” He looked at me and smiled.
He cleared his throat, and began. “Graduation is a time to  48 those who helped you make it through those  49 years. Your parents, your teachers…but mostly your friends. I am here to tell all of you that being a friend to someone is the best  50 you can give him.”
I just looked at my friend with  51 as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to  52 himself over the weekend and was carrying his books home. “Thankfully, nothing happened. My friend  53 me from doing the unspeakable(不能說出來的).”
Not until that moment did I realize that you should never underestimate(低估) the  54 of your actions. With one small gesture you can  55 a person’s life. For better or for worse.
小題1:
A．HowB．WhenC．WhyD．Where
小題2:
A．stupidB．cleverC．wonderfulD．a(chǎn)nxious
小題3:
A．throwingB．knockingC．takingD．catching
小題4:
A．lostB．sendingC．brokenD．flying
小題5:
A．heartB．headC．handsD．thought
小題6:
A．WhileB．AsC．BecauseD．Once
小題7:
A．passedB．came upC．went onD．turned out
小題8:
A．topB．hardestC．favoriteD．luckiest
小題9:
A．friendshipB．themselvesC．pleasureD．it
小題10:
A．classB．schoolC．graduationD．college
小題11:
A．excited B．nervousC．proudD．crazy
小題12:
A．greatB．famousC．praisedD．honored
小題13:
A．rewardB．rememberC．thankD．congratulate
小題14:
A．happyB．excitingC．oldD．difficult
小題15:
A．chanceB．giftC．helpD．favor
小題16:
A．wonderB．a(chǎn)nxietyC．disbeliefD．pride
小題17:
A．killB．enjoyC．testD．hurt
小題18:
A．protectedB．freedC．warnedD．saved
小題19:
A．priceB．useC．powerD．meaning
小題20:
A．destroyB．changeC．saveD．understand

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