Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested.
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet, a British medical journal.
"Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives," US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. "As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular（心血管） and respiratory（呼吸道） diseases. This is not a small effect."
Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers conceded, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung（糞便）, charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
"Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.
For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.
【小題1】What does the passage mainly talk about? _______.
| A．How can people live longer? |
| B．Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives. |
| C．Global warming threatens people’s lives. |
| D．People should stop relying on fossil fuels. |
| A．it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions |
| B．it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming |
| C．it is believed by more people |
| D．it mainly targets at developing countries |
| A．sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels |
| B．without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases |
| C．the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels |
| D．deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions |
| A．Driving less |
| B．Walking and cycling as much as possible. |
| C．Stopping using fossil fuels |
| D．Reducing the use of polluting fuels to cook. |
| A．London and Delhi have already benefited from reducing greenhouse gas emissions |
| B．switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London each year |
| C．walking and biking instead of driving will reduce the chance of heart disease |
| D．a(chǎn)ttacking health problems and dealing with climate change are contradictory |
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】D
【小題5】C
解析試題分析：這篇文章主要介紹減少二氧化碳的排放既可以保護我們的環(huán)境，還可以減少心血管和呼吸方面的疾病，從而可以拯救人的生命。
【小題1】主旨題：從文章第一段的句子：Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested.和第二段的第一句話Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives,可知減少二氧化碳的排放可以拯救人的生命。選B
【小題2】細節(jié)題：從第四段的句子：Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, 可知這次的調(diào)查和以往的不同，因為它研究的是減少二氧化碳的排放帶來的立刻的好處，選A
【小題3】推理題：從第三段的句子："As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular（心血管） and respiratory（呼吸道） diseases. This is not a small effect."可知Kathleen Sebelius,認(rèn)為心血管和呼吸道的疾病和二氧化碳的排放密切相關(guān)，選D
【小題4】細節(jié)題：從第五段的句子：Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung（糞便）, charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.可知減少使用有污染的燃料燒飯是更具體實用的，選D
【小題5】細節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.
可知多騎車和步行會減少心臟病的發(fā)病率，選C
考點：考查健康保健類短文
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes(酶)that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic (酸性的). To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat . Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism(新陳代謝) becomes inactive, and then result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious(惡性的) circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize （使…中和）the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. it’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself , you need to take an active approach..
【小題1】. What is the main purpose of this passage?
| A．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods |
| B．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods |
| C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods |
| D．To warn people of the problem of obesity |
| A．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs |
| B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit |
| C．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods |
| D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle |
| A．destroy body’s cells | B．a(chǎn)re difficult to digest |
| C．may lead to obesity | D．stop body’s metabolism |
| A．Active approaches to avoid acid . | B．Different causes of acid accumulation. |
| C．Correct ways to cook raw foods . | D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods. |
| A．Processed foods are good for our appetite mechanism |
| B．Eating the right types of raw and whole foods does good to our body |
| C．The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion more effective |
| D．Processed foods also comfort the digestive tract |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陳代謝)becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious(惡性的)circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize (使…中和) the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.
【小題1】What is the main purpose of this passage?
| A．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods. |
| B．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods. |
| C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods. |
| D．To warn people of the problem of obesity. |
| A．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs |
| B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit |
| C．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods |
| D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle |
| A．destroy body’s cells | B．a(chǎn)re difficult to digest |
| C．may lead to obesity | D．stop body’s metabolism |
| A．Active approaches to avoid acid. |
| B．Different causes of acid accumulation. |
| C．Correct ways to cook raw foods. |
| D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods. |
| A．Processed foods are good for our appetite mechanism. |
| B．Eating the right types of raw and whole foods does good to our body. |
| C．The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion more effective. |
| D．Processed foods also comfort the digestive tract. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Different exercise types have different purposes and different benefits. One type of exercise may not accomplish all goals of being physically fit: a healthy heart, strong muscles and bones, and safety from injury. As a result, it is important to do enough types of exercise to have all the physical benefits. Here is a quick check sheet.
Aerobic Exercise: To have a strong and healthy heart, you need to do aerobic exercise. This means that you need to exercise yourself enough so that your heart rate, while exercising, is 65 percent to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate. If you don’t get your heart rate up within this level—you just aren’t working hard enough. Whatever you do, your heart rate needs to be 65 percent to 85 percent of your MHR for 20 to 30 minutes, at least 3 times a week. Typical types include:
* Running
* Walking (at least 4 to 4.5 mph)
* Swimming
* Bikingk3s5u
* Elliptical Training (橢圓運動)
* Yoga
Strength Training: To keep your muscles and bones strong, you need to do strength training. This comes in a variety of forms. Whatever you do, however, you need to train your muscles enough so that they are really tired by the end of each session. To see real benefits, make sure you are strength training 2 to 3 times a week for about 30 to 40 minutes. Typical types of strength training include:
* Weight Training
* Yoga
* Resistance Training
* Plyometrics（肌肉增強訓(xùn)練）
Flexibility Training: To keep your body flexible, reducing risk of injuries and pain in your joints and muscles, you need to do flexibility training. You should always aim to stretch every muscle after any exercise routine. Typical types of flexibility training include:
* Stretching
* Yoga
* Pilates（普拉提課程）
So next time you think that yoga 5 times a week will be enough, think about what it is really doing. Is it getting your heart rate up? Are you making up your strength? Are you keeping your muscles flexible?
【小題1】If your purpose is to _______, you can choose swimming as your exercise form.
| A．build a strong and healthy heart |
| B．keep muscles and bones strong |
| C．keep body flexible |
| D．reduce risk of injuries and pain in joints and muscles |
| A．Yoga is really better for people than running |
| B．The more exercise you do, the better |
| C．Flexibility training helps you build up your muscles |
| D．The three kinds of training have links with one another |
| A．meeting | B．gathering | C．period | D．term |
| A．how to find a good workout dealing with two or three of these goals |
| B．how to choose an exercise type |
| C．how to build up our strength |
| D．how to be more flexible |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoter. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA(Food Drug Administration)can require proof (證明)under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action ,including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律訴訟), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
【小題1】It can be inferred that ads mentioned in the text are ______.
| A．objective | B．costly | C．unreliable | D．illegal |
| A．if it is a drug |
| B．if it is a device |
| C．if its consumers make complaints |
| D．if its distributors challenge FDA’s authority |
| A．a(chǎn) product which was designed to produce electricity |
| B．a(chǎn) product whose distributor was involved in a legal case |
| C．a(chǎn) successful advertisement of a beauty product |
| D．a(chǎn)n example of a quality beauty product |
| A．make consumers aware of the promoters’ false promises |
| B．show the weakness of the law on product safety |
| C．give advice on how to keep young and beautiful |
| D．introduce the organization of FDA |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It is no surprise that more and more people like bicycling, because it is fun, healthy and good. Maybe that's why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today, Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost.
Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don't even have to ride all the way.
Folding bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.
Health Benefits of Bicycling:
It helps to prevent heart diseases and control your weight.
A 15-minute bike ride three times a week burns off five kilos of fat a year.
Bicycling can improve your mood.
Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident.
Bicycling is healthier than driving.
【小題1】From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming very _______.
| A．surprising | B．exciting | C．expensive | D．popular |
| A．pollute the environment around | B．find something you didn't notice |
| C．go everywhere and use a little oil | D．get off your bike and begin to work |
| A．get out of the car | B．take it onto a train |
| C．put it in your purse | D．go on airline websites |
| A．you can fold the bicycle | B．you will be friendly to others |
| C．you will be more relaxed | D．you may get fatter and fatter |
| A．Bicycling is an enjoyable exercise for people. |
| B．Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes. |
| C．Riding a bike pollutes your neighborhood. |
| D．Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know? Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease? These days that’s more than an academic question，as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story.
There are now more than a thousand genetic(基因的)tests，for everything from baldness to breast cancer，and the list is growing．Question is do you really want to know what might eventually kill you? For instance，Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson，one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup, is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer’(老年癡呆癥)．
“If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease，that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious，through which you see the rest of your 1ife as you wait for that disease to hit you．It could really mess you up．”Said Dr．Robert Green，a Harvard geneticist.
“Every ache and pain，”Smith suggested，could be understood as“the beginning of the e nd．”“That’s right．If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer's disease，then every time you can’t find your car in the parking lot，you think the disease has started．”
Dr．Green has been thinking about this issue for years．He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s．It was thought that people who got bad news would，for lack of a better medical term，freak out．But Green and his team found that there was “no significant difference”between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives．In fact，most people think they can handle it．People who ask for the information usually can handle the information，good or bad，said Green．
【小題1】The first paragraph is meant to ．
| A．a(chǎn)sk some questions | B．introduce the topic |
| C．satisfy readers，curiosity | D．describe an academic fact |
| A．He is strongly in favor of the present genetic tests. |
| B．He is more likely to suffer from Alzheimer's disease． |
| C．He believes genetic mapping can help cure any disease. |
| D．He doesn’t want to know his chance of getting a disease． |
| A．a(chǎn)dvisable not to let him know |
| B．impossible to hide his disease |
| C．better to inform him immediately |
| D．necessary to remove his anxiety |
| A．break down | B．drop out | C．leave off | D．turn away |
| A．prefer to hear good news | B．tend to find out the truth |
| C．can accept some bad news | D．have the right to be informed |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In the past, the affairs happening inside one country had little influence on other countries, even the neighboring ones. Therefore, incidents of food safety only affected and spread within one country, one city, one island or one village. However, with globalization, goods and products can almost flow freely between countries, regions, and continents. So the food safety problem is therefore no longer a national or regional issue, but rather a global one．
In 1997, Avian Influenza caused widespread panic in Hong Kong．It is said that the Avian Influenza originated from Shenzhen. Some Hong Kong people blamed the chicken farm staff on the mainland for the outbreak. The staff was accused of not thoroughly checking the health condition of the chicks under their care. It resulted in Hong Kong people's anger towards chicken farm staff in Shenzhen, whose supposed negligence(疏忽)contributed to the later spread of Avian Influenza in Hong Kong．
Worse still, in Germany, people have been warned not to eat cucumbers until tests can identify the source of a deadly E. coli outbreak. The scare has spread across Europe, with 16 people so far having been killed．In many people's minds, European countries have the strictest standards and checking procedures on their food safety. But the E. coli cucumber incident brought home the reality that it was not an effective defense against such an outbreak．
These diverse food safety issues from various parts of the world are enough evidence that food safety problem is not endemic in China. In fact, food safety is not even directly related to the development level of a place, thanks, no doubt, to the connectivity of our age. If we do not maintain our vigilance(警惕), people's confidence in food safety can be destroyed instantly—even in a developed country
【小題1】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．Nowadays, food safety incidents spread inside one country |
| B．In 1997, Avian Influenza caused great fear in Hong Kong |
| C．16 Germans died of deadly E. coli after eating cucumbers |
| D．Food safety is only related to the developing countries |
| A．serious | B．common | C．urgent | D．unique |
| A．food safety problems spread from one country to another |
| B．the staff of a Shenzhen chicken farm caught Avian Influenza |
| C．the strictest standards protected European people from getting E. coli |
| D．China is a country where food safety problem is related to people's age |
| A．Food Safety Problem Is a Global Issue |
| B．Cucumbers Are Popular in European Countries |
| C．Avian Influenza Originated from Shenzhen |
| D．Food Safety Issues Are Various from Country to Country |
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