Question

Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.” Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剝奪) of cigarettes through a series of tests.

In the first test, each subject (試驗對象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.

The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster， but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.

In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.

The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.

“As our tests became more complex.” Sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins” He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”

1.The purpose of George Spilich’s experiments is _______.

A. to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers

B. to show how smoking damages people’s mental capacity

C. to prove that smoking affects people’s regular performance

D. to find out whether smoking helps people’s short-term memory

2.Which of the following statements is true?

A. Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.

B. Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.

C. Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.

D. Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.

3.We can infer from the last paragraph that _______.

A. smokers should not expect to become airline pilots

B. smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness

C. no airline pilots smoke during flights

D. smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases

Answer 1

1.A

2.C

3.D

【解析】

試題分析: 本文是科普類閱讀，講述尼古丁對于抽煙者是否有積極的作用。

1.A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段提到Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.”這個心理學(xué)家決定做實驗來發(fā)現(xiàn)是否抽煙有助于思考和注意力的集中，故選A項。

2.C 推斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.在簡單的任務(wù)中，經(jīng)常吸煙的人和不吸煙的人表現(xiàn)是一樣的，故A是錯誤的而C是正確的。根據(jù)第三段提到but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers在尼古丁的作用下，吸煙的人比不吸煙的人反應(yīng)要快，前提是在尼古丁的狀態(tài)下，不是所有情況下，故選B和D項錯誤。

3.D 推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段提到“smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated.吸煙者在做許多工作時可以表現(xiàn)得很好，直到它們變得復(fù)雜起來，故選D項處理緊急問題時會變得不同。

考點：科普類閱讀。