Few people would defend the Victorian attitude on children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and his colleagues did away with all that and parents have been puzzled ever since. The child’s happiness is all- important, they say, but what about the parents’ happiness? Modern child-rearing manuals（撫養(yǎng)孩子手冊）would never permit cruelty to children .The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological(心理的)wounds you might cause? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful experience. So it is the parents that bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complex which a hundred years ago hadn’t even been heard of. Certainly, a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissive(縱容) of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.
Psychologists(心理學(xué)家) have succeeded in weakening parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on child care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much advice flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents’ lives are regulated according to the needs of their kids. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lack of authority over the years makes teenagers rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for example, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey?
小題1:The author says that today’s parents _______.
A．a(chǎn)re bombarded with excessive amounts of child-care literature.
B．draw a distinction between permissiveness and carelessness.
C．a(chǎn)re only towards children from happy home backgrounds.
D．weigh their children’s knowledge rather than intelligence.
小題2:The phrase “get wind of” (Para.2) most likely means _______ .
A．become used toB．try to avoid
C．realizeD．become puzzled of
小題3:Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?
A．Victorian child rearing is a model for parents to follow.
B．Psychologists have much to answer for today’s problems on child care.
C．With the help of so much advice, raising children is easier than ever.
D．Parents like to enjoy the freedom when there is a party in the house.
小題4:What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．The excessive permissiveness of today’s parents is harmful to children.
B．Psychologists shouldn’t interfere so much with child care.
C．Parents should hold the Victorian attitudes towards children.
D．Children are too sensitive to be hurt.

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:A

本文主要講了對(duì)孩子過度的放縱所造成的原因以及分析對(duì)孩子放縱的結(jié)果。首先講述了父母對(duì)孩子的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化，且作者提出父母對(duì)孩子過于縱容肯定是有害無益的。文中講述了在心理學(xué)家、報(bào)刊雜志的建議下，父母被弄得無所適從。被縱容、忽略下的青少年走向犯罪，最后作者呼吁父母應(yīng)嚴(yán)格管教自己的孩子。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題�！懊鎸�(duì)過量的撫養(yǎng)孩子的書”，第一段中的“child-rearing manuals”和第二段中的“countless articles in magazines and newspapers.”說明了這一觀點(diǎn)。B和原文的意思相反；CD未提到。本題易誤選B。
小題2:詞義推斷題。文章第二段第一、二句句意為“心理學(xué)家削弱了父母的權(quán)威，孩子們很快就認(rèn)識(shí)（get wind of）到了這一點(diǎn)”，故知其為“realize”之意。本題易誤選A。
小題3:推理判斷題。見文章第二段第一句，意思為：“心理學(xué)家們成功地削弱了父母們對(duì)自己權(quán)威的信心”，故可推知，心理學(xué)家應(yīng)在很大程度上為現(xiàn)在父母們縱容孩子負(fù)責(zé)任。
小題4:主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句是本文主題句。其意思為：“盡管孩子們很需要愛，但現(xiàn)在父母們對(duì)孩子的過度縱容給孩子帶來的是壞處而不是益處”，故A項(xiàng)符合要求。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dropouts for Ph. D. s
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated 'because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
"The results of our research" Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions."
1.    Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
2.    Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.
3.    Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. 's with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. 's shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. 's tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
小題1: The author states that many educators feel that            
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
小題2:  Research has shown that          
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. 's in financial attainment.
[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
小題3:  Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
小題4:  After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that          
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. 's are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
小題5:  It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in            
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
[B] academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Thinking
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·No one knows how consciousness works—it is one of science’s last great mysteries.
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·Each half of the cerebrum has four rounded ends called lobes(腦葉)—two at the front(frontal and temporal lobes)and two at the back(occipital and parietal lobes).
·The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas.
·The temporal lobe is where you hear and understand what people say to you.
·The occipital lobe is where you work out what your eyes see.
·The parietal lobe is where you record touch,heat and cold,and pain.
·The left half of the brain controls the right side of the body.The right half controls the left side.
·One half of the brain is always dominant(in charge).Usually,the left brain is dominant,which is why 90% of people are right-handed.
小題1:Which part of your cerebrum is most active when you are making a telephone call?
A．The frontal lobe.B．The temporal lobe.
C．The occipital lobe.D．The parietal lobe.
小題2:Which of the following statements is true?
A．One’s personality has something to do with the frontal lobe.
B．Bright ideas come from the parietal lobe.
C．The occipital and temperal lobes are at the back of the cerebrum.
D．The occipital lobe is in charge of sound.
小題3:From the passage,we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that_______.
A．their frontal lobe is usually dominant
B．their temporal lobe is usually dominant
C．their right brain is usually dominant
D．their left brain is usually dominant

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


The 1____ picked up the thermos and poured some hot water into the tea-cup and placed it on the small table in front of his 2____, who were a father and daughter, and put the lid on the cup with a clink. Obviously 3_____ of something, he hurried into the inner room, leaving the 4 _____ on the table. His two guests heard a box of drawers opening and a rustling(颯颯地響).
They 5 _____ sitting in the living-room, the 10-year-old daughter, looking at the flowers outside the window. The father was just about to take his cup when the 6 ____ came, right there in the living room. Something was hopelessly broken.
It was the thermos, which had fallen to the floor. The girl looked 7 ____ her shoulder at once, startled(嚇一跳), 8_____. It was 9 _____.Neither of them had touched it, not even a little bit. The sound caused the host to rush back from the inner room. He looked at the 10_____ floor and blurted out（脫口而出）, “It doesn’t matter, it doesn’t matter!”
The father started to say something. Then he muttered（嘀咕）, “ Sorry, I 11_____ it and it fell.”
“It doesn’t matter,” the host said.
Later, when they left the house the daughter said, “Daddy, I saw your 12 ____ in the windowpane(玻璃窗). You were sitting perfectly13____. Why did you say…?”
The father 14____, “What then would you 15____ as the cause of its fall?”
“It fell by itself. The floor is uneven(不平). It wasn’t steady when Mr Li put it there.”
“It won’t 16_____, girl. It sounds more 17_____ when I say I knocked it down. There are things people accept less the more you 18_____them. The truer your story is, the less true it sounds.”
The daughter was 19_____ in silence for a while. Then she said, “Can you 20____ it only this way?”
“Only this way,” the father said.
小題1:
A．ownerB．hostC．guestD．master
小題2:
A．friendsB．neighborsC．childrenD．guests
小題3:
A．knowingB．rememberingC．hearingD．thinking
小題4:
A．thermosB．cupC．lidD．tea
小題5:
A．enjoyedB．remained C．imaginedD．hated
小題6:
A．strangerB．hostC．crashD．noise
小題7:
A．a(chǎn)roundB．a(chǎn)tC．behindD．over
小題8:
A．staringB．watchingC．shoutingD．crying
小題9:
A．helpless B．exciting C．strangeD．terrible
小題10:
A．broken B．streamingC．dirtyD．flooded
小題11:
A．touchedB．used C．hitD．moved
小題12:
A．facedB．shadow C．reflectionD．a(chǎn)ction
小題13:
A．calm B．stillC．silentD．straight
小題14:
A．shoutedB．murmured C．laughedD．repeated
小題15:
A．tellB．makeC．a(chǎn)cceptD．give
小題16:
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A．comfortable B．friendlyC．a(chǎn)cceptable D．a(chǎn)greeable
小題18:
A．defend B．supportC．discussD．a(chǎn)rgue
小題19:
A．kept B．shutC．worried D．lost
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The size and location(分布) of the world’s deserts are always changing. Over millions of years, as climates change and mountains rise, new dry and wet areas develop. But within the last 100 yeas, deserts have been growing at a frightening speed. This is partly because of natural changes, but the greatest makers are humans.
Humans can make deserts, but humans can also prevent their growth. Algeria Mauritania is planting a similar wall around Nouakchott, the capital. Iran puts a thin covering of petroleum(石油) on sandy areas and plants trees. The oil keeps the water and small trees in the land, and men on motorcycles(摩托車) keep the sheep and goats away. The USSR and India are building long canals to bring water to desert areas.
小題1:In this passage, “needles” refers to _______.
A．small, thin pieces of steel.
B．long, thin pieces of branches.
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D．small, thin pieces of sticks.
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A．The greatest desert makers are humans.
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C．Deserts have been growing quickly.
D．The size of the deserts is always changing.
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C．European countiesD．African countries
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B．Man is to take measures to control the growth of the world’s deserts.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests' coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom.
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Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.
I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big "to do" over the younger one because she's the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions.
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I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better.
Now, whenever I visit a friend's home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first.
56．The underlined expression ' make a big "to do" over' (paragraph 4) means ______.
A．show much concern about              B．have a special effect on
C．list jobs to be done for                 D．do good things for
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A．beautiful hair                         B．pretty clothes
C．lovely smile                          D．young age
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A．the guest gave her more coats to carry
B．she didn't look as pretty as Kelly
C．the guests praised her sister more than her
D．her mother didn't introduce her to the guests
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A．parents should pay more attention to the elder children
B．the younger children are usually more easily hurt
C．people usually like the younger children more
D．a(chǎn)dults should treat children equally
60．Which of the following saying is right?
A．Kristen and Kelly are not getting along with each other.
B．Kristen is older than Kelly.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak points in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications(規(guī)范).
A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behaviour, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in the position. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies(詳細(xì)說明) that the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages in all of them. Successful training performances depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job,” by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.
It’s always difficult to evaluate the costs of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.
小題1:     The writer mainly wants to tell us_____by the passage.
A． Why firms should pay attention to staff training
B． Staff training must have a purpose
C． Purposes and methods are most important in staff training
D． How to evaluate a training programme
小題2:A training specification specifies_____
A． the training contents and methods
B． the cost and savings of the programme
C． the performance required for a certain job
D． the behaviour, knowledge and skills expected of an employee
小題3:To be successful in training programmes, we must understand the difference between_____
A． the purposes and the methods
B． job description and job specification
C． what is taught and how it is taught
D． learning about skills and training in using them
小題4:The underlined word “evaluate”means_____
A．find out the price ofB．judge the value of
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning<推論；說服> and spatial <空間的>skills), while women tend to excel (擅長) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive（認(rèn)知的；認(rèn)識(shí)的） decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated（旋轉(zhuǎn)的） form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范疇) as possible in the given time, e.g.  "object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated(占有主導(dǎo)地位的) by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders（性別）, women showed obviously less decline than men overall（全部地）.
小題1:The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.
A．naturalB．greatC．obviousD．a(chǎn)bsolute
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following can Not be typed into the same category?
A．cloudB．sheepC．treesD．goose
小題3:Which of the following statements is true according the article?
A．Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.
B．Women stand out at remembering people’s names.
C．Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.
D．Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.
小題4: One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that _________.
A．the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline
B．people surveyed are all old
C．people taking part in this test came from all over the worldD．women live longer than men
小題5:The author aims to tell us that __________.
A．women’s minds perform better than men’s
B．men’s minds decline more with age
C．everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D．a(chǎn) survey on human’s mind decline was done recently

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Tests administered（實(shí)施）to most elementary and high-school students in the United States exert（發(fā)揮）an unfavorable influence on science and math teaching， according to a new ＄1 million study performed for the National Science Foundation．And because schools with high minority enrollments（入學(xué)）generally place a greater reliance（相信）on scores from these tests， the study finds，there tends to be “a gap in instructional emphases between high and low minority classrooms that differs from our national concern for the quality of education．”
George F．Madaus and his colleagues at Boston College analyzed not only the six most widely used national standardized tests， but also the tests designed to accompany（go with）the four most commonly used science and math texts in fourth-grade，eighth-grade，and high-school classrooms．Though curriculum（teaching program）experts argue that schools should place greater emphasis on problem solving and reasoning， the new study shows that the tests focus on lower-level skills—primarily mechanical memorization of routine formulas（公式）．
Researchers surveyed more than 2，200 math and science instructors，interviewing in depth some 300 teachers and administrators．Especially in schools with high minority enrollments，teachers reported feeling pressured to help students perform well on these tests．Some states judge schools and some schools determine teacher assignments（工作安排）based on students' test scores．
“With so much worry，”Madaus says，“teachers feel forced to focus their instruction on drilling what the tests will measure—at the expense of the more valuable，higher-level skills．”
小題1:The author of this article states that ____  _ ．
A．the tests don't affect teaching in most elementary and high schools
B．the science and math teaching is influenced by the present tests
C．no study is performed on tests for the National Science Foundation
D．the United States exerts a strong influence on science and math teaching
小題2:It can be inferred that in high minority classrooms ____  _ ．
A．the students can not get high score from the tests
B．scores from the tests are not important
C．instructional emphases are unfavourable
D．teaching doesn't focus on the quality of education
小題3:According to the second paragraph，the study has discovered that ____  _ ．
A．emphasis of teaching is on problem solving and reasoning
B．curriculum is good for national standardized tests
C．the tests mainly center around the memorization of some formulas
D．routine formulas are not useful for students to memorize
小題4:According to Madaus' opinion，teachers are forced to ____  _ ．
A．evaluate（評(píng)估）students' skills every year
B．suffer so much worry on the texts
C．teach what will be tested
D．focus their instruction on useful drillings

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