Seasonal influenza is characterized by a sudden fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat and runny nose. Most people recover from fever and   1  symptoms within a week without requiring medical attention. But influenza can  2  severe illness or death in people at high risk. The time from infection to illness is about two days.

Yearly influenza epidemics can  3   affect all age groups, but the highest risk of complications occur among children younger than age two, adults age 65 or older, and people of  4   age with certain medical conditions, such as chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood or metabolic diseases, or weakened immune systems.

Seasonal influenza  5   easily and can sweep through schools, nursing homes or businesses and towns. When an   6    person coughs, infected droplets get into the air and another person can breathe them  7    and be exposed. The virus can also be spread by hands infected with the virus.  8    transmission, people should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing, and  9   their hands regularly.

Drugs for influenza are   10   in some countries and effectively prevent and treat the illness. Some influenza viruses develop  11    to the antiviral medicines, limiting the effectiveness of treatment.

Influenza epidemics occur    12   during autumn and winter in temperate regions. Illnesses result in hospitalizations and deaths mainly among high-risk groups. Worldwide, these annual epidemics result in about three to five million   13     of severe illness, and about 250 000 to 500 000 deaths.

Influenza can cause serious public health and economic problems. In   14    countries, epidemics can result in high levels of worker absenteeism and productivity   15   .   16    most people recover from a bout(輪) of influenza, there are large numbers of people who need hospital treatment and many   17    die from the disease every year.   18     is known about the effects of influenza epidemics in developing countries.

The most    19   way to prevent the disease or severe outcomes from the illness is vaccination. Vaccination is especially important for people at higher risk of serious influenza complications, and for people who live with or care  20    high risk individuals.

(  ) 1. A. its                 B. it’s                    C. all                    D. other

(  ) 2. A. cause                 B. lead                  C. result                D. bring

(  ) 3. A. lightly           B. slightly             C. seriously           D. heavily

(  ) 4. A. all                 B. any                   C. no                    D. both

(  ) 5. A. goes                  B. spreads              C. comes            D. happens

(  ) 6. A. to infect        B. infecting           C.  infected          D. infect

(  ) 7. A. off                B. away                 C. out                   D. in

(  ) 8. A. To prevent     B. To protect          C. To prepare         D. To prefect

(  ) 9. A. wash             B. washing            C. to wash             D. washed

(  ) 10. A. free             B. available           C. useful               D. helpful

(  ) 11. A. assistance     B. resistance          C. consistence        D. preference

(  ) 12. A. monthly              B. weekly              C. daily                 D. yearly

(  ) 13. A. pieces          B. states                C. conditions         D. cases

(  ) 14. A. developed    B. developing        C. big                   D. small

(  ) 15. A. lose             B. losses                C. loose                 D. lost

(  ) 16. A. For                 B. Because             C. While               D. Whether

(  ) 17. A. /                 B. which               C. do                    D. who

(  ) 18. A. Little           B. Much                C. Few                  D. Lot

(  ) 19. A. Affective          B. effective            C. attractive           D. aggressive

(  ) 20. A. about           B. of                         C. for                    D. to

1--20    DACBB   CDAAB   BDDAB   CDABC  


解析:

本文主要論述的季節(jié)流行性感冒基本知識：癥狀，感染人群，傳播方式，治療和疫苗。做題時(shí)應(yīng)該根據(jù)日常生活中對流感的基本常識，來確定答案。

1. D 根據(jù)前一句說的流感的特點(diǎn)，其中就有“fever”，“發(fā)燒”只是患流行感冒的一個(gè)癥狀，此空是說還有“別的”癥狀，AC項(xiàng)分別表示“它的”“所有的”，B項(xiàng)是it is或者it was或者it has的縮寫，故此空填“other”：別的。

2. A 有上下文兩句的句意：大多數(shù)人在一個(gè)周之內(nèi)無需藥物治療就可以從流感中恢復(fù)健康，但是（語意發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折）流感也能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重病變或者有高的致死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此題中的lead, result, bring只有分別帶上to, in,和about之后才能表示“導(dǎo)致”之意。

3. C 詞句的語意是：雖然季節(jié)流感可能會嚴(yán)重影響各個(gè)年齡群體的人，但是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的復(fù)雜病情常常出現(xiàn)在兩歲以下的嬰幼兒，65歲以上的老年人或者任何年齡層的患有某種病癥的人身上。從倒數(shù)第二段和倒數(shù)第三段中，我們得知：流行感冒導(dǎo)致病人住院治療，大約三到五百萬人嚴(yán)重患病，還大量病人死亡，再者也導(dǎo)致了公共健康問題和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。故這兒用“seriously”：嚴(yán)重地。

4. B 考查形容詞的詞義和在文中的意思。有上一題的分析，此空表示“任何”年齡層的人的意思。All表示“所有”。這樣一來age得用復(fù)數(shù)。Both表示“兩者都”，no表示“沒有”，ACD項(xiàng)明顯都不合適。故用“any”：任何。

5. B 這兒考查是動詞詞義的辨析。流行感冒是一種傳染病，容易傳播，敘述的是流行感冒所具有的容易傳播的特點(diǎn),故用“傳播”spreads.最容易讓學(xué)生上當(dāng)?shù)氖茿D兩項(xiàng)。Go往往用來表示“進(jìn)行”；happen表示“偶然發(fā)生”；come表是“來”，故B項(xiàng)最合適。

6.C 此處考查的是非謂語動詞的含義和用法。此段落論述的是流行感冒的傳播，有常識我們知道：已經(jīng)感染的人咳嗽、打噴嚏之后，感染的顆粒就進(jìn)入到了空氣里。此處填過去分詞infected，意思就是：感染過的，受感染的。

7. D 由上一句的解釋可知：感染的顆粒就進(jìn)入到了空氣里，另外的人把它呼“進(jìn)”去，就容易感染流行感冒。這四個(gè)副詞當(dāng)中只有in表示“進(jìn)去”，off和away表示“遠(yuǎn)離”，out表示“向外”。故用D項(xiàng)。

8. A 這一句的語境是：為了防止傳染，人們咳嗽的時(shí)候應(yīng)該用紙巾蓋著嘴和鼻子，并且經(jīng)常洗手。此處用不定式表示目的。BCD項(xiàng)分別依次表示：為了保護(hù)……，為了準(zhǔn)備……，為了完善……,語境和語言邏輯方面顯得都不合適。故選擇A項(xiàng)。

9. A 根據(jù)上一題的解釋，結(jié)合該詞所咋的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：people是這一句的主語，cover和wash是這一句的謂語動詞。所以選擇A項(xiàng)。

10. B 有這一句的語境：在一些國家有針對流行感冒的藥可以使用，并且能夠有效地預(yù)防和治療這種流行病。A項(xiàng)free 是“空閑的，空余的”，CD兩項(xiàng)useful是“有用的”，helpful是“有幫助的”邏輯上不搭配。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

11. B 此題有一定得的難度，就看平時(shí)記單詞的準(zhǔn)確性和牢固性。Assistance:幫助，resistance: 抵抗,consistence:穩(wěn)定，結(jié)實(shí)，preference:偏愛，偏好。語境是：有些流行感冒病毒具有抗藥性，結(jié)果限制了治療的有效性。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

12. D 有常識我們知道流行感冒有季節(jié)性，但這四個(gè)詞中就數(shù)D項(xiàng)合適了。意思是：每年的秋冬季節(jié)一些溫帶地區(qū)發(fā)生流行感冒。

13. D 有這一句的語境：每年這種流行病導(dǎo)致全世界三到五百萬的嚴(yán)重病例，還有大量的病人死亡。這四個(gè)詞中只有cases意思是“病例”。

14. A 此題考查上下文之間的邏輯照應(yīng)。這一段從兩個(gè)方面來論述流行感冒所引起的問題。一是，在發(fā)達(dá)國家，二是在發(fā)展中國家。做此題時(shí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)該根據(jù)這一段下文最后一句中的developing來確定。BCD項(xiàng)的意思分別是：發(fā)展中的，大的，小的，它們所表示的意思與句意跟邏輯都不對應(yīng)，故A項(xiàng)最合適。

15. B 此題考查的是單詞的詞義及詞性。此處需要的是名詞，因?yàn)閘osses和absenteeism兩詞都做介詞of的賓語，故是名詞，而lose,“失去”，是動詞；loose，“松散的”，是形容詞；lost，“迷失的”，是形容詞。Loss是名詞，意思是：損失。故B項(xiàng)合適。

16. C 此題考查對連詞的邏輯關(guān)系的理解。語境是：雖然大多數(shù)人經(jīng)過一輪的流行感冒之后恢復(fù)正常，但是每年都有很多人需要住院治療，也有很多人死于這種疾病。故用C項(xiàng)，while此時(shí)是“雖然”之意。

17. D 此題表面上是考查定語從句的，而實(shí)質(zhì)上也考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：there are large numbers of people…… and many…… every year., 而who need hospital treatment和     die from the disease都是定語從句，先行詞都是people，只不過many是代詞，代指many people,第二個(gè)定語從句有缺少主語，故用D項(xiàng)。

18. A 此題的解題關(guān)鍵在于對整段邏輯關(guān)系的梳理。前文說：流行感冒在發(fā)達(dá)國家造成了很多損失，這兒是拿流行感冒在發(fā)達(dá)國家造成的影響與在發(fā)展中國家相比較，因此，合乎邏輯的表達(dá)就是：然而流行感冒在發(fā)展中國家造成的影響，人們知之甚少。故用A項(xiàng)

19. B 此題的語境是：預(yù)防這種疾病和它帶來的嚴(yán)重后果的有效方法是注射疫苗。此處應(yīng)是形容詞修飾名詞way。affective：adj.感動的，感情的;effective: adj. 有效的，有影響的；attractive:誘人的；aggressive：有進(jìn)取心的，語意上不符合邏輯。故用B項(xiàng)。

20. C 此題考查的動詞短語的意思。care about: 介意，關(guān)心； care for：喜歡，照顧。故用C項(xiàng)。

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B. is a teenage boy who hates his father

C. is now an adult who has come to understand her father’s love

D. used to be a naughty boy who changed girlfriends now and then

 

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