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    Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture the smile is usually an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

    Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

    It is difficult to generalize (概括) about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural backgrounds in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.

46. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?

A. Love              B. Politeness         C. Joy             D. Thankfulness

47. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can_____.                   

A. show friendliness to strangers

B. be used to hide true feelings 

C. be used in the wrong places        

D. show personal habits

48. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?

A. Learn about their relations with others

B. Understand their cultural backgrounds

C. Find out about their past experience

D. Figure out what they will do next

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科目：高中英語 來源：必修一導練英語外研版 外研版 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Here are a few tips we’ve put together to help you learn English well．

　　Tip 1　Speak, speak, speak!

　　Practise speaking as often as you can－even speaking to yourself is good practice．

　　Try recording yourself whenever you can．Compare your pronunciation with the master version, see how you can do better and have another go．If you do this several times, you will find that each version is better than the last．

　　Tip 2　Why not learn with someone else?

　　It helps if you can learn with someone else．If you can persuade a friend or family member to study with you, it will make you keep working．Agree times to meet and set goals for the week, and test each other regularly．

　　Tip 3　Don’t get stuck by a word you don’t know

　　Ptactise improvising(即興的)ways of getting your meaning across when speaking spontaneously(本能地), even if you don’t know the exact words or phrases．Think of things you might want to say whenever you have spare time．A basic example is the rise of tenses．If you don’t know the past tense but want to talk about yesterday, use the verb in the present tense and use the word for “yesterday”．Use facial expression, hand movements, anything to get your meaning across．

　　Tip 4　Language learning is also about intuition(直覺)

　　Guesswork is an important strategy in learning a new language．When listening to recorded material, you aren’t expected to understand everything first time round．If you play the same piece several times, you will most probably understand something new each time．Learn to make maximum use of all the clues you can pick up．For example, what do the speakers sound like? Happy? Angry? Calm? etc．

　　Tip 5　Build up your vocabulary

　　A wide vocabulary is the key to successful language learning but don’t try to learn too much at once．It’s best to study frequently, for short periods of time．Take a maximum of six or seven items of vocabulary and learn them．Put them into sentences to fix them in your mind, then come back to them later．Much of the vocabulary in the course is presented by topic．

　　And above all, have fun!

(1)

Why should one have himself recorded when practising speaking?

[　　]

A．

To encourage others to start．

B．

To record his own progress．

C．

To improve his speaking．

D．

To compare himself with others．

(2)

Which of the following is the most important in learning English?

[　　]

A．

Speaking．

B．

Pleasure．

C．

Intuition．

D．

Vocabulary．

(3)

It is implied in the passage that ________ is helpful when you are learning English．

[　　]

A．

body language

B．

a good memory

C．

a good friend

D．

a proper dictionary

(4)

Which of the following proverbs(諺語)seems not to be always true in learning a language?

[　　]

A．

Practice makes perfect．

B．

A good beginning is half done．

C．

Rome is not built in a day．

D．

Don’t run before you can walk．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Happiness is associated with smiling. But do we always smile when we are happy?

During the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, Spanish researchers analyzed the facial expressions of 22 gold medal winners at the medal ceremonies. The researchers were surprised to see that these medal winners didn't smile very much. In fact, throughout the different medal ceremonies, they only smiled about 10% of the time. But during the brief moment when the gold medal was put around their neck, the medal winners grinned (露齒笑) about 70% of the time.   

The researchers interviewed the winners they had watched to find out how they felt. All the winners interviewed said that they felt intensely(強烈的）happy throughout the ceremony.   

Though they were profoundly（衷心地）happy, they didn't smile a great deal. The researchers concluded that smiling was not the automatic expression of happiness. The fact that the gold medal winners smiled much more when they were actually being given their medals could be explained because, according to the Spanish researchers, smiling was a form of communication between individuals. The happy athletes were smiling at the people who were giving them gold medals. Perhaps we can support the findings of the Spanish researchers by making some observations of our own behaviors. When we are all alone, for example, do we smile at ourselves when we are happy? Probably not very often. If someone greets us with a friendly smile, do we respond with a smile? Yes, we probably do. When a friend gives us a beautiful present, will we show our appreciation with a smile? Yes, of course. But if we are sitting alone watching television, do we smile at a commentator (講解員) who smiles at us?

How much of the time did the gold medal winners smile during the medal ceremonies?

      A. 10%.   B. 70%.   C. 22%.   D. 92%.

According to the passage, when did the athletes smile quite a lot?

      A. Throughout the medal ceremony.             

B. When they were informed of their success.

      C. When the gold medal was put around their neck. 

D. When their national flag was raised.

According to the passage, on which of the following occasions would we most probably NOT smile?

A. When we are sitting alone watching TV.   

B. When someone greets us with a friendly smile.

C. When a friend gives us a beautiful present. 

D. When we feel intensely happy.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The gold medal winners were too nervous that they would hardly smile at the medal ceremonies.

B. People will always smile automatically when they feel happy.

C. Smiling is a way of communication.

D. When the gold medal was put around their neck, the gold medal winners were smiling at the audience but not at those who gave the medal.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀文章后，從第54至58題所給A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。

       Most people call it "body language" —the clues（線索） to the meaning that we get from gesture, facial expressions, posture —everything that isn't spoken．Experts call it "nonverbal communication," but it means the same thing: a second source of human communication that is often more reliable to understanding what is really going on than the words themselves．

       Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives．However, most of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research．

       There is a belief that people with shifty （變化的） eyes are probably lying．As Paul Ekman says, "When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking（眨眼） and shifty eyes were the winners．But sometimes people act like that because they are shy．Liars pretend to be calm in order not to be caught．

       Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief．Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying．Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes．To understand what someone's behavior means, you have to watch them carefully．

       There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better．As a result people would like to make initial （開始的） contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human．Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds, but any eye contact that is longer than that can make us nervous．

       In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment．Experts suggest that unless you know about someone's basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language．In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages．

According to the passage, body language is _____．

       A．a language that is not spoken      B．a clue to get the meaning

       C．a reflection of people's behaviors         D．a source of human communication

The word "that" in paragraph 3 refers to ____．

       A．blinking       B．lying           C．staring          D．pretending

From the passage we can learn that ____．

       A．there is no doubt that a liar has shifty eyes

       B．people sometimes blink because of shyness

       C．eye contact lasting a few seconds can make us nervous

       D．understanding body language is more helpful in business

How many examples are given by the writer to support his point of view?

       A．1．        B．2．         C．3．     D．4．

It can be inferred from the passage that _____．

       A．body language is trustworthy in telling who is lying

       B．body language helps us better understand other people

       C．sometimes we can't judge a person by watching his body language

       D．the speaker and the speaking environment are important to a person's body language

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年高考二輪復習考前沖刺（二）英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空

Nowadays robots can not only talk and dance，but also answer your questions in English.They are “____”．The following is the first China?made “beauty”____.

A new 168?cm high “beauty” robot who has not yet been____looks wonderful in a red wedding____.She can act as a tour guide，a receptionist，____a hostess.

Her face____the beautiful facial characteristics of many girls.And her eyes can move.

“The robot is the first human simulation(仿真)____in China，and she is____with the most advanced voice and movement control technologies and____communicate with humans，” said Li Chengrong，chief____of the robot，who works for the Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Automation.“She replies ‘____’ if you praise her by saying ‘You are so____’．”

The sentences that the robot can understand and say are____at present.“We will improve her in the future，to make her talk___with human beings，” Li said.

___the “beauty” will work as a receptionist and tour guide in Sichuan Science Museum，she has been programmed to____the southwestern dialect that is popular in inland Sichuan Province.

Li said the lab____for designing and making the robot was 300,000 yuan (37,500 U．S.dollars)．The robot is equipped with interactive technologies.It is____to most advanced robot in the world—Asimo，____by Japanese auto?maker Honda.Asimo，____can walk at a speed of one mile per hour and climb up and down stairs，costs about one million U．S.dollars.

1.A.receptionists? B．hostesses

C．beauties? D．guides

2.A.robot? B．cushion

C．carpet? D．fingernail

3.A.invented? B．designed

C．made? D．named

4.A.dress? B．clothes

C．shoes? D．skirt

5.A.or? B．and

C．but? D．so

6.A.contains? B．includes

C．connects? D．combines

7.A.one? B．this

C．that? D．it

8.A.desired? B．piled

C．equipped? D．scanned

9.A.must? B．can

C．should? D．may

10.A.designer? B．declarer

C．junior? D．haircutter

11.A.Go ahead? B．Thank you

C．Sorry? D．With pleasure

12.A.holy? B．pretty

C．elegant? D．outgoing

13.A.developed? B．complicated

C．limited? D．improved

14.A.happily? B．slowly

C．particularly? D．freely

15.A.Since? B．If

C．Unless? D．When

16.A.study? B．speak

C．ignore? D．understand

17.A.pay? B．price

C．cost? D．work

18.A.familiar? B．similar

C．opposite? D．reasonable

19.A.produced? B．obeyed

C．envied? D．tested

20.A.which? B．where?

C．when? D．who

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2007年高考試題（天津卷）解析版 題型：閱讀理解

 

In meditation(冥想),people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath.As they breathe in and out,they attend to their feelings.As thoughts go through their minds,they let them go.Breathe.Let go.Breathe.Let go.

According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre,Massachusetts,three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a marked change in how the brain allocates(分配)attention.It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world.Expert meditators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli(刺激),like facial expressions.

The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training.People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice,everything from driving to playing the piano.The study has shown that meditating is good for the brain.It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being.

In an experiment,17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day.A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period.Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters.As both groups looked for the numbers,their brain activity was recorded.

Everyone could catch the first number.But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced meditators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it,so they missed the second number.Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number,as if letting it go,which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number.This shows that attention can change with practice.

Just ask Daniel Levsion,who meditated for three months as part of the study.“I’m a much better listener,”he said.“I don’t get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying.”

1.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 1 refers to         .

A.feelings          B.minds             C.people                D.thoughts

2.Meditators manage their daily tasks better because they         .

A.are given less pressure

B.allocate their attention better

C.have more stimuli for life

D.practice them more frequently

3.In the experiment,volunteers doing meditation for longer hours         .

A.were more likely to catch both of the numbers

B.were used to memorizing numbers in groups

C.usually ignored the first number observed

D.paid more attention to numbers than to letters

4.The study proves that         .

A.meditation improves one’s health

B.brain activity can be recorded

C.human attention can be trained

D.meditators have a good sense of hearing

 

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