9.Hybrid cars (混合動力車) are cars that run on petrol and electricity.They have a small standard petrol engine and a battery electric motor to provide electric power.
There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars,but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol,and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required,for example,when going uphill or accelerating.In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed,for example when the car has stopped at traffic light,keeping only the electric engine running.
Conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating.Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines,improved by electric motors when needed,so they use less petrol.Another way that fuel consumption is cut by a system of"regenerative (再生的) braking".The electric motor is used to slow down the car,rather than conventional brakes.The energy produced by slowing the car is changed into electrical power,which is automatically stored in the battery.In effect,the battery recharges when you brake.In conventional cars the energy produced when braking is wasted.
In 1928Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car.The first mass-produced hybrid car,the Toyota Prius,came out in Japan at the end of 1997.However,hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999.As they use less fuel,hybrid cars are cheaper to run.There are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them.In some countries,hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax,and don't have to pay on certain roads.In some cities,hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.
12.Hybrid cars consume less energy than conventional cars because hybrid carsC.
A.have large engines to deal with accelerating
B.have conventional brakes to slow down the car
C.have electric power to assist when needed
D.have no energy consumption when stopping
13.In regenerative braking,A.
A.energy wasted in conventional cars is stored in the battery
B.the conventional brakes are used to slow down the car
C.the battery charges itself when the car is accelerating
D.the petrol engine is usually turned off automatically
14.From the last paragraph we can learn that Hybrid carsB.
A.were first available in the USA B.will gain more popularity
C.free their owners from tax D.a(chǎn)re free to park anywhere in the city
15.The main purpose of this text is toC.
A.show how hybrid cars slow down
B.encourage people to buy hybrid cars
C.inform people of a kind of energy-saving cars
D.explain why hybrid cars use less energy.
分析 本文介紹了一種新型的交通工具叫動力混合車,動力混合車使用汽油和電池相結(jié)合的方式運行,最大優(yōu)勢就是能夠消耗較少的能源,同時為了推廣這種車的使用,在有些國家還推出一系列的優(yōu)惠政策.
解答 12.C.細節(jié)理解題.由第一段中的"the general principle is that the car runs on petrol,and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required"和第二段中的"Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines,improved by electric motors when needed,so they use less petrol."可知,混合動力車在需要時有電力支持,所以比傳統(tǒng)汽車消耗的能源少,故選C.
13.A.細節(jié)理解題.由第二段中的"The energy produced by slowing the car is changed into electrical power,which is automatically stored in the battery.In effect,the battery recharges when you brake.In conventional cars the energy produced when braking is wasted."可知,在再生的剎車系統(tǒng)中,減速時所產(chǎn)生的能量被轉(zhuǎn)變成電能,自動儲存在電池里,而在傳統(tǒng)的汽車里,這些能量就被浪費了,故A項正確.
15.B.推理判斷題.由文章最后一段最后一句可知,使用混合動力車的車主可以交較低的稅,在某些公路上不需要付費,甚至有些地方可以免費停車,這些都給使用這種車的人帶來了好處,將會大受歡迎,故B項正確.
15.C.寫作目的題.文章主要介紹了一種新型的節(jié)能汽車的節(jié)能原理,使用時所帶來的好處,讓人們了解這種新車,故C項切題.
點評 考察學(xué)生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.