【題目】Leonardo da Vinci and Nature

In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies.【1】Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct.【2】

Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers.【3】More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.”

“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas.【4】 His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.

【5】 His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world.

A.Leonardo was always drawing.

B.How could these be connected with art?

C.Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.

D.Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.

E.Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.

F.Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.

G.You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.

【答案】

【1】B

【2】G

【3】F

【4】E

【5】A

【解析】

這是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。通過(guò)對(duì)達(dá)芬奇與自然是如何結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作這一事件進(jìn)行以下方面的說(shuō)明：數(shù)學(xué)、音樂(lè)與藝術(shù)的關(guān)系，以及自然與藝術(shù)的關(guān)系。

【1】

空格前面兩句，由但是引導(dǎo)的句子提示我們，在里奧拉多時(shí)代，科學(xué)與藝術(shù)緊密相連�？茖W(xué)意味著數(shù)學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)研究， but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 那他們是如何緊密聯(lián)系在一起的呢？這樣看來(lái)B選項(xiàng)How could these be connected with art?那這些是如何與藝術(shù)緊密相聯(lián)系的呢？這是西方作者行文的特點(diǎn)即漸進(jìn)式重復(fù)主題，切合題意。故選B。

【2】

He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct.從空格前面這句里面的place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting.把所畫(huà)的事物在一幅畫(huà)里面彼此之間的位置關(guān)系安排的妥妥的。這里讀出兩點(diǎn)信息：一是in a drawing or painting.一是place things.根據(jù)這兩點(diǎn)信息可以推出答案里面必須要有一幅畫(huà)和位置的描述。G選項(xiàng)剛好切合此意：You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.你會(huì)看到一個(gè)好的例子，就是有這樣一幅畫(huà)《最后的晚餐》里人物位置的安排。故選G。

【3】

本段描述的是與音樂(lè)有關(guān)的話題，數(shù)學(xué)與音樂(lè)的關(guān)系。因此可以推出達(dá)芬奇也應(yīng)該熟悉并精通音樂(lè)。F選項(xiàng)與此意切合：Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.里奧拉多他自己就是一個(gè)非常優(yōu)秀的音樂(lè)家，喜歡演奏樂(lè)器和唱歌。故選F。

【4】

在空格前面的描述中可以得知：達(dá)芬奇在他探尋這些規(guī)則的時(shí)候，他認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地觀察大量的實(shí)例和細(xì)節(jié)。實(shí)踐經(jīng)歷比起他自己的意見(jiàn)更重要，然后他經(jīng)常通過(guò)事實(shí)得出觀點(diǎn)�！哪康氖强剂窟@個(gè)世界，以便于能夠把它復(fù)制在自己美麗的圖畫(huà)和雕塑中。通過(guò)對(duì)上文的理解，達(dá)芬奇做這些的最終目的是為了畫(huà)畫(huà)和創(chuàng)作。那么答案中必定有表示目的這一選項(xiàng)供我們選擇�；蛘哒f(shuō)在描述前面這么多細(xì)節(jié)后，再接著描述他到底想要做什么。因此E選項(xiàng)切合題意：Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.最重要的是，里奧拉多想要理解事物是如何運(yùn)作的，又為什么會(huì)這么運(yùn)作。故選E。

【5】

根據(jù)空格后面兩句話的結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出：他的小速寫……，更多的認(rèn)真的畫(huà)畫(huà)，會(huì)用一支鋼筆和尺在桌子旁邊完成。然后講他的一幅小速寫賣了多少錢，是當(dāng)今世界上最貴的一幅畫(huà)�？崭裨谶@一段的開(kāi)頭處，可以得出答案一定會(huì)有一個(gè)總起的作用的結(jié)論，就是要為后面所說(shuō)的兩件事情都與畫(huà)畫(huà)有關(guān)。能夠充當(dāng)此角色的只有A選項(xiàng)切合此意：Leonardo was always drawing. 里奧拉多總是畫(huà)畫(huà)。故選A。

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